Transcript Unit 15 Plants

Plants are used for so many things used in everyday life.
Can you guess what this plant is used for?
Flashcard Warm-up
Vascular tissue
Rate of
Photosynthesis
Vascular refers to the
circulatory (transport) Several factors affect the rate
system of an organism.
of photosynthesis. Large
Some plants have
amounts of water and
specialized tissues
carbon dioxide are needed
(groups of cells) that
as well as a large amount
transport water or
food. Xylem transports
of sunlight. Plant
water from the roots to
adaptations have allowed
the leaves. Phloem
some plants to be more
transports food from
efficient.
the leaves to the rest
Write the equation for
of the plant.
photosynthesis:
The largest specimen, the General Sherman Tree in
Sequoia National Park, is 84 m (275 ft) tall, has a
diameter of 11.1 m (36.4 ft) at the base, and was
estimated in the early 1990s to weigh about 2,500 metric
tons. Other trees range from 46 to 99 m (150 to 325 ft) in
height, with diameters up to 9 m (30 ft). A count of
annual rings on stumps has verified ages as great as
2,300 years. Some living trees, however, are believed to
be close to 4,000 years old.
Botany
Study of Plants
The largest living organism on
Earth!!! Do you know what
kind of tree this is?
I
Are all plants the same?
A. Plant Characteristics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Type of Cell = Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Autotrophic
Composition of cell wall = cellulose
Chloroplast = Chlorophyll
Vacuole = store water, food, and
water
Two Types of Plants?
1. Non-vascular Plants = lack
vascular tissue
Example = Moss
2. Vascular Plants = contain
vascular tissue
2 types of Vascular Tissue:
1. Xylem: Transport water
2. Phloem: Transport
nutrients
Vascular or Nonvascular?
Reproduction = Vascular plants reproduce in
three ways
1. Seedless vascular
plants = reproduce
using spores (ex.
fern).
2. Gymnosperms = store
seeds in cones (ex.
spruce).
3. Angiosperms = store
seeds in fruits which
develop from flowers
(ex. daisy).
How Plants Meet Their Needs
• Transport
– Non-vascular plants:
osmosis and
diffusion
– Vascular plants:
xylem and phloem
• Respiration
– Both non-vascular
and vascular use
cellular respiration
How Plants Meet Their Needs
• Excretion
– Non-vascular: diffusion and osmosis
– Vascular plants: Stomata
• Stomata: gas exchange = CO2 enters, O2 leaves
• transpiration = water loss
Flashcard Warm-up
• Gymnosperms
– Vascular plants
that produce their
seeds in CONES
• Angiosperms
– Vascular plants
that produce their
seeds in FRUITS
which develop
from FLOWERS
How Plants Meet Their Needs
• Synthesis - Build molecules.
Plants produce sugars
through photosynthesis
• Nutrition - sugar produced
in photosynthesis used
during cellular respiration.
How Plants Meet Their Needs
• Regulation – Plants
control their growth
patterns. One way is by
using hormones.
– Ethylene - promotes fruit
ripening
– Cytokinins – promotes
rapid cell division
– Auxins - allow for
elongation of the cell. This
increased flexibility allows
the plant to bend
How Plants Meet Their Needs
• Tropisms are growth
toward or away from a
stimulus
– Phototropism - a plant’s
response to light.
– Gravitropism/Geotropism
- a plant’s response to
gravity.
– Thigmotropism –
response to touch (ex.
Ivy)
Ticket Out the Door
1. ____________ tissue in plants is similar to the blood vessels of our
body because they transport water and nutrients.
Match the Type of Vascular plant with the correct description:
2. Gymnosperm
a. produce seeds in fruits
3. Angiosperm
b. use spores to reproduce
4. Seedless Vascular c. produces seeds in cones
5. Choose one of the following plant hormones and explain the
changes the hormones causes in the plant.
Auxins, cytokinins, or ethylene
6. Phototropism
7. Thigmotropism
8. Geotropism/ Gravitropism
a. plant growth in response to touch
b. plant growth in response to light
c. plant growth in response to
gravity
Flashcard Warm-up
Pollination
Pollination is when the pollen reaches the stigma or part of the
female anatomy of a plant. Self-pollination occurs when a
plant pollinates itself and cross pollination includes two
different plants. Fertilization is when the pollen reaches the
egg.
How Plants Meet Their Needs
• Reproduction
– Asexual = vegetative
propagation. (all offspring
would be clones
How Plants Meet Their Needs
• Reproduction
– Sexual = two sources
of DNA, sperm and
egg
• Seedless plants - have
sperm and egg; sperm
must swim to the egg.
This requires a film of
moisture.
How Plants Meet Their Needs
• Gymnosperms – produce male and female cones.
The fertilized egg becomes a seed.
How Plants Meet Their Needs
• Angiosperms – Use flowers
– Male part = Stamen
• Consists of anther & filament
• Anther = produces pollen containing sperm
– Female part = Pistil
• Contains the stigma, style, and ovary
• Ovary = holds the ovules containing eggs
How Plants Meet Their Needs
• Pollination: occurs when
pollen produced by
anther is transferred to
stigma
How Plants Meet Their Needs
• Growth and
Development – The
seeds can be
dispersed using wind,
water or animals
– Germination: the
development of the
new plant from the
embryo
Seeds
Some plants have seeds as a
specialized part of their
reproductive system.
Seeds consist of a
fertilized embryo, a food
source, and a seed coat
to protect the seed.
These three parts allow
seeds to wait until the
right time to germinate.
Plant Organs and their Adaptations
• Leaves - main
photosynthetic organs of
most plants.
– Waxy cuticle: transparent
waxy covering that protects
the leaf from water loss.
– Vascular Bundle: xylem and
phloem
– Stomata: openings in the
leaves that allow for gas
exchange.
– Adaptations: The size of the
leaf, modified for protection
(ie. Cactus)
Plant Organs and their Adaptations
• Stems - the organ
responsible for support
and for transport
– Tubers: stem modified for
storing food (starch)
• Ex: potato
– Succulent stems store water
• Ex: desert cacti
Plant Organs and their Adaptations
– Tendrils are part of vines and
runners help with vegetative
propagation
• Roots - organ responsible for
absorbing water, anchoring the
plant and may also store food
– Fibrous roots: smaller branching
roots which increase surface area
for quick water absorption.
• Ex: grasses
Plant Organs and their Adaptations
– Tap roots - large, main root
provides a strong anchor and
allows the plant to reach
water far below the earth’s
surface.
• Ex: carrot
– Root Hairs – Specialized cells
to increase surface area for
fast water absorption