Transcript Tobacco - Creery

Tobacco
Exploring the Effects of Tobacco
Plant and Human Structure and
Function
Plant Cells
• Plant cells have a cell wall.
• Plant cell structure is for function
(example: sieve tube members have a
structure for special for transportation and
mesophyle cells have increased number of
chloroplasts for photosynthesis)
• Rarely expand equally in all directions
• Some of the major types of plant cells
include
– Parenchyma
– Collenchyma
– Sclerenchyma
– Water-conducting cells of the xylem
– Sugar-conducting cells of the phloem
Plant Seeds
• Reproduction
• Dicots – two seed coats (beans)
• Moncots – one seed coat (corn)
Plant Roots
• Root hairs (lateral growth of
roots)
• The primary growth of roots
• – Produces the epidermis,
ground tissue, and vascular
tissue (meristems – cells are
dividing)
• Gravitropism – Growth in
response to gravity
• In most plants – The
absorption of water and
minerals occurs near the root
tips, where vast numbers of
tiny root hairs increase the
surface area of the root
Plant Stems
• A stem is an organ consisting of –
An alternating system of nodes,
the points at which leaves are
attached which functions as
support, transport and storage.
Water-conducting cells - xylem
Sugar-conducting cells - of the
phloem
• Primary Growth – Apical
Meristems
• Secondary Growth – Lateral
Growth
Plant Leaves
• Stomata – Gas exchange
• Mesophyll – Photosynthesis
• Waxy Cuticle – Water
Conservation
Survival – Food Storage and
Production and Gas Exchange
• Photosynthesis - Creating
sugar from carbon dioxide,
water and sunlight. (later)
• Modified stems and roots
(bulbs (onion), tubers (potato),
cabbage)
• Gas Exchange – Through
stomata in leaf. Oxygen is
given off during photosynthesis.
(later)
Survival Protection
• Toxins – Nicotine Production (Topic for later)
How do plants defend themselves?
• Mechanical defense: Waxy cuticle (prevents
bacteria and fungus), hairy or sticky leaves,
Spines (thorns and prickles)
• Chemical Defense: Powerful drugs and poisons
(e.g. caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, morphine, etc.)
Plant Reproduction
• Seeds
• Flowers
Gas Exchange
The stomata are openings in
the leaf that allow gas
exchange with the
atmosphere.
CO2 is taken in and O2 is given
off. CO2 is used in production
of sugars and O2 is produced
from the split of water.
Photosynthesis
-The light reactions use light
energy to make ATP and
NADPH.
-The Calvin cycle uses the
energy molecules from the
light reactions to convert CO2
into sugar
Environmental Response
• Tropism (Directional growth in response to
stimulus) – Phototropism (response to
light), Gravitropism (response to gravity),
Thigmotropism (contact), Heliotropism
(solar tracking), hydrotropism (water)
• Hormones (chemical messengers that
regulate growth and development) –
Auxins (cell elongation), Gibberellins ,
Cytokinins, Ethylene, Abscisic acid.
Tobacco Plant
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Nicotine is used as
the plants defense
Effects of Tobacco on the
Human Body
Homeostasis
To maintain homeostasis, organisms
actually must make constant changes.
That is why homeostasis is often
referred to as maintaining a dynamic
equilibrium. Dynamic means “active,”
and equilibrium means “balanced.”
• Homeostasis requires active
balancing.
• Positive Feedback – Something
stimulates a positive behavior (child
birth)
• Negative Feedback – Something
stimulates a negative response
(temperature control)
Respiratory
system
• Gas exchange in
lungs(O2 from air
enters the blood
stream and CO2 is
expelled.)
• Tobacco use – lungs
increase in tar creates
emphysema (alveoli
rupture)
Nervous
System
• Nervous system
• Central Nervous system( brain
and spinal cord) and
Peripheral Nervous system
(nerves and synapse )
• Autonomic (sympathetic and
parasympathetic ) and
Voluntary muscles (under
control)
Tobacco Use
• Dopamine Production in brain
stimulates and depresses
limbic system and emotions.
• Extremely addictive
Endocrine
System
• The nervous and endocrine
systems both work together to
cause animals to adapt to their
environment.
• A system of glands and
hormones makes up the
endocrine system. The key
function of this important
system is maintaining
homeostasis.
• The endocrine glands produce
hormones, chemical
messengers that are released
into the blood and carried
throughout the body by the
circulatory system.
• Tobacco – Increase hormone
production and pancreas
cancer.
Digestive System
• From the mouth to the
anus food is broken
down and absorbed
by the epithelial cells.
• Tobacco causes
decay of teeth, mouth
and throat cancer.
• Tobacco also causes
kidney, stomach and
bladder cancer.
Reproductive System
• The male reproductive system
has two main functions: It
produces haploid male
gametes, the sperm cells; and
it must be able to deposit the
sperm cells it produces inside
the female.
• Three important functions are
performed by the female
reproductive system.
• First, gametes (eggs) are
produced in the ovaries.
• Second, a pathway is provided
for sperm cells to reach an
egg. Third, the female
reproductive system provides a
temporary home for the
developing embryo.
Cigarette smoke causes
problems/complications in
pregnancy and child birth.
Immune System
• The immune system defends our
bodies against very specific
microscopic invaders.
• The immune system helps maintain the
internal dynamic equilibrium necessary
for life.
• immunity—the ability to resist an
infection—by preparing it to fight
subsequent invasions by the same
microbes (by producing the appropriate
antibodies)
• First line of defense - skin
• Second line of defense – inflamation
• Internal Specific lines of defense – B
cells and T cells (white blood cells)
Tobacco Use Summary
• Toxin created by plants as a defense against
herbivores.
• Human use includes botanicals (pesticides), mouth
chew, cigarettes smoking, and snuff.
• Causes cancer in the mouth, throat, stomach, lung,
kidney and other systems.
• Causes complications in the reproduction process.
• Causes coronary artery disease and an increase heart
disease.
• Causes chronic bronchitis and emphysema (decrease
of O2 from lungs)
• Cigarette advertising was banned in US in 1971
because of increased awareness.