Transcript Deforestation

Deforestation
Problems Facing Planet Earth
What is the issue?
Deforestation:
The loss of large areas of forest.
LAYERS OF A RAINFOREST
EMERGENT LAYER
The tallest trees are the emergents,
towering as much as 200 feet above the
forest floor with trunks that measure up to
16 feet around. Most of these trees are
broad-leaved, hardwood evergreens.
Sunlight is plentiful up here. Animals
found are eagles, monkeys, bats and
butterflies.
CANOPY LAYER
This is the primary layer of the forest and
forms a roof over the two remaining
layers. Most canopy trees have smooth,
oval leaves that come to a point. It's a
maze of leaves and branches. Many
animals live in this area since food is
abundant. Those animals include: snakes,
toucans and treefrogs.
UNDERSTORY LAYER
Little sunshine reaches this area so the
plants have to grow larger leaves to reach
the sunlight. The plants in this area
seldom grow to 12 feet. Many animals live
here including jaguars, red-eyed tree frogs
and leopards. There is a large
concentration of insects here.
FOREST FLOOR
It's very dark down here. Almost no plants
grow in this area, as a result. Since hardly
any sun reaches the forest floor things
begin to decay quickly. A leaf that might
take one year to decompose in a regular
climate will disappear in 6 weeks. Giant
anteaters live in this layer.
Healthy Rainforests
Rainforest Destruction
More
Destruction
Who is causing it?
-Agriculture clear-cuts forest areas to provide
room for livestock to eat or farms.
-Miners clear land to mine for ore and minerals.
-Forests are clear-cut to create products made
from wood.
-People cut down forests to make room for
houses, roads, and other developments.
-Pollution from factories and cars creates smog
and acid rain.
Who is causing it? (cont.)
 80 acres of forest land is cut down every
minute!
 That is 40-50 million acres a year!
 Each week, printing the Sunday edition of
America’s newspapers requires the
equivalent of 500,000 trees.
 Malaria epidemics are occurring from
rainforests being cleared
Who is causing it? (cont.)
 Rainforest wood stays in developing countries for fuel
wood and charcoal.
 One single steel plant in Brazil making steel for
Japanese cars needs millions of tons of wood each
year to produce charcoal that can be used in the
manufacture of steel.
 5,600 square miles of Amazon rainforest were burned
to the ground and replanted with pulpwood trees to
make paper
 The world's biggest pulp mill is the Aracruz Mill in
Brazil. Its two units produce 1 million tons of pulp a
year, harvesting the rainforest to keep the plant in
business and displacing thousands of indigenous
tribes.
What is affected?
 Species Losing Their habitat
 Pandas in China
 Once roamed through forests in China.
 Deforestation has confined Pandas to continually shrinking
areas.
 Hard to find food, shelter, and mates.
 Many species of plants and animals are becoming extinct
 Half of the world's estimated 10 million species of plants,
animals, and microorganisms from the rainforest will be
destroyed or severely threatened over the next quarter-century
(25 years) due to rainforest deforestation.
 Change in Global Climate
 Trees limit the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
 Increases of carbon dioxide cause significant increases in world
temperatures.
 Air and water pollution is increased
What is affected? (cont.)
 Increased Erosion and Flooding
 Without the tree roots to hold in the soil, water runs across the
land, taking the soil with it.
 Downstream results in severe flooding.
 For example, in Asia, deforestation of the Himalayas results in
thousands of deaths from flooding in India and Bangladesh.
 Land Clearing
 Creates lack of nutrients in the soil
 Overgrazing ruins the land
 The land is abandoned for newly cleared land
 In Brazil alone, more than 63,000 square miles of land has
reportedly been abandoned in this way.
What is being done to
help?
 Protect large areas of forestland
 Habitats need to be large enough for animals to
roam to find food, shelter, water, and mates.
 For example, one 660-pound mountain gorilla eats
66 pounds of food per day. They travel in groups of
6-20 members, so one group will travel 30 square
miles in a year.
 Replant Forests
 Loggers are required to replant trees
 Now have restrictions on the age and size of trees
that can be cut down
What is being done to
help? (cont.)
 Reduce Waste
 Recycle
 cardboard, newspaper, office paper
 Use reusable items instead of disposable
paper products
 Buy items made from recycled paper
 Reduce your use of paper
 Use a cloth instead of a paper towel
 Use the backside of your paper