Transcript 9.Fungal Diseases in Mango

Fungal Diseases in Mango
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Major Diseases in Mango
Next

Powdery mildew

Sooty mould

Anthracnose

Die back

Stalk End rot

Red rust
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Powdery Mildew (Oidium Magiferae)
Powdery mildew is one of the most serious diseases of mango affecting
almost all the varieties in all mango growing areas.
It causes approximately 20% crop loss in Maharashtra.
Sometimes as high as 70-80 per cent crop loss has been recorded on
individual plant basis.
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Symptoms
The characteristic symptom of the
disease is the white superficial
powdery fungal growth on leaves,
stalks of panicles, flowers and young
fruits.
The affected flowers and fruits drop
prematurely reducing the crop load
considerably or might even prevent the
fruit set.
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Favorable Conditions
Rains or mists accompanied by cooler nights during flowering are
congenial for the disease spread.
The fungus parasitizes young tissues of all parts of
the inflorescence, leaves and fruits.
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Management practices
Spray the following fungicides at 15 days interval for effective control
of the disease:

Wet table sulphur 0.2 per cent
(2 g /1lit.water)

Tridemorph 0.1 per cent
(1 ml / lit. water ).
Dinocap 0.1 per cent
(1 ml / lit. water).
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Sooty mould (Meliola mangiferae)
Symptoms:
The severity of infection depends on the honey dew secretion
by the above said insects.
Honey dew secretions from insects sticks to the leaf surface
and provide medium for fungal growth.
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Presence of a black velvety coating (sooty
mould)on the leaf surface
Transmission by Insect vectors
 Mealy bug
 Scale insect
 Hoppers
Common in most of the orchards
In severe cases the trees turn completely
black due to the presence of mould over the
entire surface of twigs and leaves.
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Management practices
Pruning of affected branches and their prompt destruction prevents the
spread of the disease.
Spraying of 2 per cent starch is found effective.
It could also be controlled by spray of Nottasul + Metacin + gumacasea
(0.2% + 0.1% + 0.3%).
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Anthracnose
The disease causes serious losses to young shoots, leaves stem, flowers
and fruits under favorable climatic conditions of high humidity, frequent rains
and a temperature of 24-32oC.
The disease produces leaf spot, blossom blight, wither tip, twig blight and
fruit rot symptoms.
Tender shoots and foliage are easily affected which ultimately cause ‘die
back’ of young branches
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Symptoms
Flowers:
Infections
on the panicles (flower
clusters) start as small black or darkbrown spots.
These
can enlarge, coalesce and
kill the flowers.
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Fruits:

Prominent dark-brown to black
decay spots or “tear stains”.

Fruit infections are common and
can create severe decay of fruits
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Leaves:
Infections
leaf
as
small,
angular, brown to black spots.
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Stem:
Dark-colored to black lesions
can
form
on
green
stem
tissues.
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Management practices
Spray twice with Carbendazim (0.1%) at 15 days
interval during flowering to control blossom
infection.
Spray Copper fungicides (0.3%) for
the control of foliar infection.
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Die Back(Botryodiplodia theobromae )
Symptoms:
Disease occurs on the branches/ trunk of infested
trees that start drying slowly at first and branches
become completely dried / killed, resulting gummy
substance oozes out or remains hanging on the tree
.
The disease is characterized by drying of twigs and
branches followed by complete defoliation, which gives the
tree an appearance of scorching by fire.
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The young green twigs start withering first at the
base and then extending outwards along the
veins of leaf edges.
The affected leaf turns brown and its margins
roll upwards. Leaves scorch and fall, leaving a
dead branch.
In severe conditions, branches start drying one
after another in a sequence resulting in death of
the whole tree.
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Management Practices
Prune the diseased twigs and spray with Copper oxychloride (0.3%) on
infected trees.
Pruning should be done in such a way that the twigs are removed 2-3
inches below the affected portion.
In small plants, pruning of twigs is followed by pasting of Copper
oxychloride
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Red rust (Cephaleuros virescens)
Disease, caused by an alga, has been observed in mango growing
areas.
The algal attack causes reduction in photosynthetic activity and
defoliation of leaves thereby lowering vitality of the host plant.
The disease is more common in closely planted orchards.
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Symptoms
Rusty red spots mainly on leaves
and sometimes on petioles and
bark of young twigs and is
epiphytic in nature
The spots are greenish grey in color
and velvety in texture, later they turn
reddish brown
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Management Practices
Two to three sprays of Copper oxychloride
(0.3%) control the disease
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To sum up
• Fungal diseases are adversely affect the yield and quality of fruits.it
may be occur in leaves, twigs, stem and fruits. They are powdery
mildew, sooty mould, anthracnose, red rust, die back, stalk end rot.
• Powdery mildew – white powdery growth on leaf surface, stalks of
panicles, flowers and young fruits - application wettable sulphur 0.2%
• Sooty mould – presence of a black velvety coating – spraying of 2%
starch
• Anthracnose – Prominent dark-brown to black decay spots on leaves,
flowers, fruits and twigs - Sprayed twice with Bavistin (0.1%) at 15
days interval
• Red rust – Rusty red spots on leaves - three sprays of Copper
oxychloride (0.3%)
• Die back – Affected plants, twigs die from the tips back into old wood Prune the diseased twigs and spray with Copper oxychloride (0.3%)
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