Transcript BIT Assignment

BIT Assignment
By CHAN Wai Kay
9th June, 2000
Diversity of Organisms and
Classification
Classification of Organisms
Kingdom
Phylum / Division
Class
Species
Species
• The smallest group of organisms classified
which can interbreed with each other to
produce fertile offspring
Two Kingdom System
• Animals
• Plants
Animal Kingdom
• Divided into two groups according to the
presence or absence of backbone:
– Invertebrates : without backbone
– Vertebrates : with backbone
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
• Divided into 5 groups:
–
–
–
–
–
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Fish
• Aquatic
• Cold-blooded
• Body covered with
slimy and wet scales
• Streamline body for
easy movement
through water
• Fins for balance and to
control movement
• Gills for breathing
• External fertilization
Amphibians
•
•
•
•
Cold-blooded
Scaleless, moist skin
With 4 Limbs
Larvae (tadpoles) use
gills for breathing;
adults use lungs
• External fertilization
Reptiles
• Cold-blooded
• Body covered with
hard, dry scales
• Live on land
• Breathe with lungs
• Internal fertilization;
lay shelled eggs
Birds
• Warm-blooded
• With feathers and
wings
• Beak for feeding
• Lungs for breathing
• Internal fertilization;
lay shelled eggs
Mammals
• Warm-blooded
• Hairs on skin
• Females have mammary
glands for producing
milk
• Lungs for breathing
• Diaphragm present
• Internal fertilization;
embryos develop inside
mothers’ bodies
Summary
-- Body Covering of Vertebrate
Fish
Moist scale
Amphibians
Naked moist skin
Reptiles
Dry scale
Birds
Feather
Mammals
Hair
Activities
• You may examine the real specimens
displayed.
• Homework
– Textbook Page 39 HKCEE 1989 5(b)
Plant Kingdom
• Can be divided into two groups:
– Non-flowering plants
– Flowering plants
Non-flowering plants
• 5 groups:
–
–
–
–
–
Fungi
Algae
Mosses
Ferns
Gymnosperms
Fungus kingdom
• Made up of hyphae
• No root, stem and
leaf
• No chlorophyll
– Saprophytic or
parasitic
• Reproduce by
forming spores
Algae
• Mostly aquatic
• May be unicellular or
multicellular
• No root, stem or leaf
• Contain photosynthetic
pigments (e.g.
chlorophyll) for
photosynthesis
Mosses
• With simple leaves and stems
• No root; with rhizoids for anchorage and
absorption of water
• Reproduce by spores
• No vascular tissues
• Found in damp area
Ferns
• With true roots,
stems, leaves and
vascular tissues
• Reproduce by spores
• Live in damp places
Gymnosperms
• With true roots, stems,
leaves and vascular
tissues
• Reproduction by
producing seeds
– Seeds develop in
cones, not enclosed by
fruits naked seeds
• Needle-shaped leaves
to reduce water loss
Angiosperms (Flowering plants)
• With true roots,
stems, leaves and
vascular tissues
• With flowers for
reproduction
• Seeds are produced
inside the fruit
(matured ovary)
Summary
Chloroplyll
Fungi
X
True root,
stem & leaf
X
Algae

X
X
X
Mosses

X
X
X
Ferns


X
X
Gymnosperm



X
Flowering
plants




Seed
Flower
X
X
Remarks
• In Form 6/7, Fungi are grouped into a
Kingdom by themselves. They are not
considered as plants.
• In Form 4/5, bacteria are grouped under
Fungi. In Form 6/7, bacteria are grouped
into a Kingdom by themselves.
Activities
• You may examine the real specimens
displayed.
• Homework
– Textbook Page 37-38, HKCEE 1985 1(a) and
HKCEE 1987 1(a)