Transcript WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES

WEED FLORA AND
WEED DISTRIBUTION
IN GRAPES
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Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) vine is grown in West and South India
especially in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, to a great extent.
The varieties grown are Anab-e- Shahi and Thomson
Seedless.
The grapes are grown on different training systems
depending upon the varieties and the purpose for
which they are grown.
These different systems allow the growth of
various types of weeds.
In Bower system, soon after pruning of grapes,
there is lot of sunshine underneath which allows
the growth of cyperus rotundus and Oxalis
corniculata
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After sometime, the vegetative growth of grape increases and
shades the underneath space with result Polygon plebejum,
Euphorbia geniculata, Amaranthus viridis, Portulaca oleracea,
Oxalis sp. and Mullugo pentaphylla among dicots and Digitaria
marginata, Eleusine indica, and Setaria glauca among monocots.
In Trellis system of training, plenty of sunshine is available for weeds
to grow around and Cynodon dactylon is the major weed.
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Cynodon dactylon Pers.
In black soils and in dryland is a noxious weed and
once a field is infested with it, cultivation becomes
impossible.
It is considered as one of the ten worst weeds in the
world and problematic in all tropical and subtropical
areas in dry land and garden lands.
It belongs to the family Graminae (Poaceae) and
common name is Bahama Grass, Hariyali. In tamil it
is called as Arugampullu
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WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES
A perennial grass extensively creeping by means of scaly rhizomes or
by strong flat stolons, very common in plains and hills slender and grows
upto 7.5 to 30 cm height.
The underground stems are hard, brittle, thick, pale white in colour and
covered with short scale-leaves and occur at varying depth in soil.
Leaves are linear, finely acute, 7.5 to 12.5 cm long, spikes 3 to 6.
Propagated by through seeds and underground stolons.
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Cyperus rotundus L
Family is Cyperaceae and common name is Nut
Grass, Nutsedge. In tamil it is called as Korai
kizhangu. Stoloniferous, stolons not bulbiferous,
stems trigonous, up to 1 m high, and tubers not
zoned. Stem sparsely tufted. Leaves shorter or longer
than stem, narrow, numerous, bracts usually 3 and up
to 60 cm long.
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WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES
Cyperus rotundus L
Floral biology:
Spikelets spreading, linear to lanceolate, up to 2.5 cm long; glumes
imbricate, plicate, pale-brown or chestnut-brown, sometimes with a
reddish tinge; nut trigonous, broadly obovoid, grayish-black.
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Amaranthus viridis Linn.
It is a broad leaved weed and it belongs to
the family Amaranthaceae.
In tamil it is called as Kuppai keerai.
The plant is perennial with long prostrate or
ascending branches and a woody main
stem growing to a height of 30-60cm.
Stem is striate, round and softly woolly
tomatoes.
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WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES
Amaranthus viridis Linn.
Leaves are simple, alternate, shortly stalked, sub-orbicular or ob-ovate
with an obtuse tip.
The base is tapering. The upper surface of the leaf is pubescent, while
the lower one is densely hairy. The leaves on the side branches are
much reduced.
Flowers are very small, sessile, greenish white, in dense axillary short
spikes, which are solitary or clusterd. Perianth consists of 5 free
oblong sepals, wooly on the back.
Seed is lenticular, smooth and shining black. Propagation is mainly by
seeds.
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Portulaca oleracea L.
It is a succulent broad leaved weed and it belongs to
the family Portulacaceae. Common name is Indian
Purslane. In tamil it is called as Paruppu Keerai.
The main stem is short and erect bearing a number of
lateral branches which lie prostrate on the ground,
they grow to a length of 4-20 inches and are green or
reddish in color.
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WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES
The leaf-stalk is short. Flowers are without stalks, from 2-6 in number
and are collected together in clusters at the ends of branches. Sepals
are 2 and fleshy; they are united at the base and are free above.
Petals are 5 and are yellow in colour. Fruit is dry, dehiscing
transversely by the upper part enclosed by the sepals, coming off as
a lid leaving the lower part in the plant.
Seeds are minute, blackish brown in colour and are covered with
concentric lines of tubercles. Propagation is by seed.
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Euphorbia geniculata Ort.
An exotic weed introduced recently and now common in dryland,
garden land and on bunds in wet lands.
It is a broad leaved weed and it belongs to the family
Euphorbiaceae.
It is a annual herb with latex in all parts.
Stem is round in shape.
Leaves simple, ovate, alternate, opposite above.
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WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES
Involucre small, in dense corymbose cymes
and monoecious. Flowers combined to form
a cyathium;
bracteoles many, setaceous;
male Flowers several surrounding a solitary
female flower.
Seeds are dark grey, truncate at the lower
end.
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