Transcript Monocots vs. Dicots - Mrs. Kunze Biology Web Site

Plant Evolution
• Green Algae are the ancestors of today’s
land/terrestrial plants.
• Early land plants faced many challenges.
A. How to conserve water?
B. How to reproduce on land?
C. How to absorb minerals from rocky
surfaces?
Plant Classification Review
Plant Kingdom
nonvascular
vascular
seed
angiosperms
monocots
dicots
seedless
gymnosperms
Plant Classification Review
• Nonvascular:
mosses, hornworts, liverworts
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• Vascular, Seedless:
whisk ferns, club mosses, horsetails, ferns
• Vascular, Seed:
Gymnosperms & Angiosperms
Gymnosperms- “naked seeds”
Conifers
Cycad
Ginkgo Tree
Kinds of Gymnosperms
•
•
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Conifers
Cycads
Ginkgo
Gnetophytes
Ex: Ephedra
Create an Angiosperm Foldable
Divide your paper in half. Label each section
as
and
MONOCOTS
DICOTS
Monocot
Seeds
Dicot
Seeds
Dicot
Monocot
LEAVES
Parallel leaf venation
Net-like leaf venation
Monocot
Dicot
ROOT SYSTEMS
Fibrous Root System
Taproot System
Monocot
Dicot
FLOWER PARTS
Multiples of 3
Multiples of 4 or 5
Monocot
Dicot
Pollen Grains
Monosulcate
Mostly tricolpate
Monocot
Dicot
Stem Structure
(vascular bundles)
Primary vascular bundles scattered
Primary vascular bundles in a ring
Dicot: Vascular Bundles
Recap
There are two types of Vascular Plants
that produce Seeds:
Angiosperms & Gymnosperms
Angiosperm seeds develop within a flower.
Angiosperms can be divided into two groups
called Monocots and Dicots
Gymnosperm seeds develop without a sealed
container; called “naked seeds.”
Check on your seeds!!
What stage are they in?
From a Seed to a Seedling
• The development of a seed into a seedling is
called GERMINATION.
• What enables a seed to germinate?
* Seed coat damage
* Exposure to temperature changes
* Penetration of H2O & O2 through the seed
coat
Importance of Cotyledons
• “Cots”- provide food for the embryo.
• Once the food is used up, the cotyledons
shrivel up and fall off.
Can you label a Monocot Seed?
A. Seed coat
B. Endosperm
C. Cotyledon
D. Embryo
Can you label a Dicot Seed?
A. Seed coat
B. Endosperm
C. Cotyledon
D. Embryo
Fruit and Seed Dispersal
• Three common ways fruit and seeds are
dispersed:
– Wind
– Animals (bees, butterflies, birds, bats)
– Water
Fruit Classification
• A fruit is a mature ovary.
• Fruits can be classified using these two
characteristics:
– How many flowers or pistils form the fruit?
– Is the fruit dry or fleshy?
Use the Chart on Page 619
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What type of fruit is a Watermelon?
What type of fruit is a Pineapple?
What type of fruit is a Green Pea?
What type of fruit is an Apple?
What type of fruit is Corn or Wheat?
Flowers
Flowers
and of
Seeds
Monocots
Dicots
of
Monocots& &
Dicots
Objectives:
Today in lab, students will be able to:
1. Identify the parts of a flower.
2. Identify monocots and dicots based on type of
flower and/or type of seed.
3. Properly label a flower diagram and seed diagram.
1
2
1
2
1&2
Examples of Angiosperms
Monocots vs. Dicots
FLOWER
DISSECTION
Lily
A
B
D
C
Lily
B
C
A
Style
Stigma
Ovary
A
C
B
Anther
Stamen
Filament
Stamens and Pistil
A
B
F
E
C
D
P
S
S
P
P
S
P = Petal;
S= Sepal
A
B
Sepals
Bud
bract
stamens
pistil
petals
sepals
FUNCTIONS OF
FLOWER
STRUCTURES
Functions of flower structures
Sepal
• Sepals- protects the flower while it is a
bud
Petals
• Sepals- protects the flower while it is a
bud
• Petals- attract insects and animals to
aid in pollination
Stamen
A
C
B
What’s that?
• Sepals- protects the flower while it is a
bud
• Petals- attract insects and animals to aid
in pollination
• Stamens- male part of the flower which
includes the anther and filament; it
produces pollen.
Anther
• Sepals- protects the flower while it is a bud
• Petals- attract insects and animals to aid in
pollination
• Stamens- male part of the flower which includes
the anther and filament; it produces pollen.
• Anther- produce and release pollen to the
stigma of the same or another flower for
reproduction.
Anther
Stamen
Filament
• Anther- produce and release pollen to the
stigma of the same or another flower for
reproduction.
• Filament- elevates the anther away from the
flower for pollen dispersal and transports
nutrients to the anther.
• Pollen- contains sperm for fertilization.
Pistil
• Anther- produce and release pollen to the
stigma of the same or another flower for
reproduction.
• Filament- elevates the anther away from the
flower for pollen dispersal and transports
nutrients to the anther.
• Pollen- contains sperm for fertilization.
• Pistil (Carpel)-female part of the flower which
includes the stigma, style and ovary; it
produces ovules, which are similar to eggs in
animals. Produces seeds and fruit.
Stigma
• Anther- produce and release pollen to the
stigma of the same or another flower for
reproduction.
• Filament- elevates the anther away from the
flower for pollen dispersal and transports
nutrients to the anther.
• Pollen- contains sperm for fertilization.
• Pistil (Carpel)-female part of the flower which
includes the stigma, style and ovary; it
produces ovules, which are similar to eggs in
animals. Produces seeds and fruit.
• Stigma- collects pollen on its surface and
aids in fertilization
B
C
A
Style
Stigma
Ovary
Style
A
Where is it located?
B
C
What does it do?
Style
A
Where is it located?
Style
C
What does it do?
• Pollen- contains sperm for fertilization.
• Pistil (Carpel)-female part of the flower
which includes the stigma, style and
ovary; it produces ovules, which are
similar to eggs in animals. Produces
seeds and fruit.
• Stigma- collects pollen on its surface
and aids in fertilization
• Style- elevates the stigma to collect
pollen
A
Ovary
Where is it located?
B
What does it do?
C
A
Ovary
Where is it located?
B
What does it do?
Ovary
• Pollen- contains sperm for fertilization.
• Pistil (Carpel)-female part of the flower which
includes the stigma, style and ovary; it
produces ovules, which are similar to eggs in
animals. Produces seeds and fruit.
• Stigma- collects pollen on its surface and
aids in fertilization
• Style- elevates the stigma to collect pollen
• Ovary- produce ovules (eggs); when fertilized
ovules become seeds and fruits.
STOP HERE!
FERTILIZATION
A
Fruit Development
A
B
Fruit Examples with only 1 seed
1
2
3
4
7
6
5
Example of fruit with multiple seeds
Hibiscus
F
A
E
B
D
C
Anther
Stigma
Filament
Style
Sepal
Petals
B
A
Stigmas
Pistil & Stamens
Anther
Underside of Hibiscus
Petal
Sepal
Confusing Flowers
• Flowers with spurred
petals. Count them. There are
five. This is a dicot, and the
netted venation of the leaves will
bear this out. The plant is a
colombine, Aquilegia canadensis,
and the number of spur this time
is always five.
What is a “spur?”
• Petals often develop a nectar-containing
extension of the tubular corolla, called a
spur.
• This may involve one petal, as in the larkspur
(Delphinium),
• This may also involve all the petals, as in
columbine (Aquilegia)
(Both members of the family Ranunculaceae.)