Transcript Functions of Plant Parts

Functions of Plant Parts:
An introduction to our
exciting exploration of botany
Lesson Objectives:
• Identify major internal structures,
external structures, methods of
locomotion, methods of reproduction
and stages of development of plants:
flower pistil
style
filament
pollen
fruit
ovary
anther
roots
stem
leaves
stomata
xylem
phloem transpiration node
Plants
•The plant kingdom
is divided into
both nonvascular
and vascular
plants.
Vascular
•Plants that have
specialized tissues that
move materials through
the plant’s body and
provides strength, stability
and support to the plant.
Non-vascular
•They are low growing
and do not have roots.
They obtain water and
nutrients directly from
their surroundings.
•Roots- the part of a plant
that has no leaves or
buds and usually spreads
underground, anchoring
the plant and absorbing
water and nutrients from
the soil
Roots:
» Absorb and translocate water and
nutrients to the stem that are taken
up through the root hairs
» Store food in the form of starch
Plant Tropisms
• Tropism is the movement of
all or part of an organism in
response to an external
stimulus, such as light.
• Plant growth toward a stimulus
is a a positive tropism.
• Plant growth away from a
stimulus is a negative tropism.
The Leaf:
The place where
photosynthesis takes
place.
»The place that carries
out transpiration and
cools the plant.
»
• Stomata (singular, stoma) are
openings in a leaf or stem that
enable gas exchange to occur.
• Each stoma is opened and closed by
two guard cells.
• Transpiration is the process by
which plants release water vapor
into the air through stomata. If too
much water is lost, a plant wilts.
Stem
• Transport nutrients from
the roots to the leaves in the
vessels of the XYLEM and
PHLOEM.
• Supports the leaves of a
plant and also the fruit
and flowers
There are two types of
vascular tissue in plants:
Xylem is the type of
tissue in vascular plants
that provides support
and conducts water and
nutrients from the roots.
– Phloem is the tissue
that conducts food in
vascular plants.
–
A closer look
Gymnosperm
•seeds not
enclosed in an
ovary.
Angiosperm
•a plant having its
seeds enclosed in an
ovary; a flowering
plant.
The Parts of a Flower
Flower power:
» Flower: The reproductive
structure of some seed-bearing
plants, characteristically having
either specialized male or
female organs or both male and
female organs, enclosed in an
outer envelope of petals and
sepals.
If you look carefully
at a flower, you will
see that it is made
up of many
different parts.
Each part has an
important job to do.
Sepals
The sepals
protect
the flower
before it
opens.
sepal
Petals
• The petals
attract
pollinating
insects with
their bright
colour and
attractive
scent.
Stamens
stamens are
the male part of
the flower.
• The plant makes
pollen in the part
of the stamen
called the
anther.
• The
stamen
anther
Anther
•the pollen-bearing
part of a stamen.
Pollen
•the fertilizing element
of flowering plants,
consisting of fine,
powdery, yellowish
grains or spores,
sometimes in masses.
Filament
•The stalk that
bears the anther
in a stamen.
Pistil
•the female ovulebearing part of a
flower composed of
ovary and style and
stigma
stigma
The Stigma
• The stigma is the
top of the female
part of the flower.
• The pollen from
another flower
collects on the
stigma’s sticky
surface.
The Ovary
pollen
ovule
• The ovary protects
the ovules (eggs).
• Pollen travels to
the ovules and
fertilization takes
place.
• Now the ovules will
develop into seeds.
ovary
Style
•slender part of a
pistil, situated
between the ovary
and the stigma.
Fabulous fruit functions:
» The fruit is a ripened ovary together with
its associated parts, and often protects
the seed.
» Some plants have a dry dehiscent fruit
which, when split open helps disseminate
seeds.
a) some actually hurl the seeds out as
the seed surface explodes
b) others have wings, or other ways to
float or be carried by air
Can always use more fruit…
» Can provide nutrients to the soil and to a newly
germinating seedling
» Some fruits help disperse seeds by providing
food for animals:
a) animals eat the fruit and seeds. The fruit is
digested and the seeds pass out in the animals’
feces at (presumably) another location.
Like this nice
Big buck 
Seed
•A mature fertilized ovule
of angiosperms and
gymnosperms that
contains an embryo and
the food it will need to
grow into a new plant.
Germination
•to begin to grow or
develop.
Write the correct words in the boxes:
stamens, stigma, petals, ovary, sepals
pollen
sticks to
this
where the
seeds grow
where the
pollen is
made
these attract
insects
These protect
the flower
before it opens
• Now let’s diagram the parts of the
flower.