Transcript Kingdom Plantae - Valhalla High School

The Kingdom Plantae
 This kingdom is composed of
multicellular, eukaryotic autotrophes.
Kingdom Plantae
 The Producers
 Plants are the
chief producers in
all ecosystems.
 Virtually all food
webs rely on
plants ability to
convert energy
(sunlight) into
matter
(carbohydrates)
2 Phyla
 There are 2 phyla in the kingdom
plantae.
 The first are the bryophytes.
 Bryophytes are plants that lack
true leaves and stems.
 Bryophytes cannot grow tall
because they do not contain
vascular tissue.
Vascular tissue
 Vascular tissue acts as a transport
system in some plants.
 The two types are called Xylem
and Phloem.
 Xylem transports water from the
roots to the rest of the plant.
 Phloem transports nutrients from
the leaves to the rest of the plant.
Bryophytes
 Bryophytes do not grow flowers or
fruit, nor do they produce seeds.
 They cannot grow tall, all cover
the ground and trees like a carpet.
 They alternate between sexual and
asexual reproduction.
 Bryophytes are only found in moist
environments.
Types of bryophytes.
 Mosses
 These are small,
soft plants that
tend to grow in
clumps in shady
areas with a lot of
moisture.
Types of bryophytes
 Liverworts and
hornworts
 It is estimated
that there are
6000 to 8000
species of
liverworts
 Tend to have
simpler structures
than mosses.
 The first plant?
 Bryophytes!
Tracheophytes
 More complex than
bryophytes.
 Are capable of growing very
tall.
 Some trees are over 350 feet
tall.
 3 classes
 Ferns
 Gymnosperms
 Angiosperms
Ferns
 The most similar to




bryophytes.
Like the bryophytes ferns
reproduce with an alteration
of generations.
Only found in moist areas.
Leaves are called fronds.
Can grow as big as trees in
the tropics.
Fern-coal connection
 Ferns were once the dominant
form of plant life on earth.
 Coal comes from fossilized fern
forests.
The Gymnosperms
 Produce seeds that are
stored within cones.
 Often referred to as conifers,
most know then as
evergreens or pines.
 Have specialized leaves
which resemble needles.
Gymnosperms
 Gymnosperms are
always losing and
growing new needles,
but are never completely
bare.
 Adapted to cold
climates. (needles and
resin)
 Important commercially
for lumber and paper.
Angiosperms
 Angiosperm means
“hidden seeds”.
 Seeds produced by
angiosperms are
covered by a fruiting
body.
 Angiosperms also
produce flowers.
Angiosperms and animals.
Angiosperms produce fruit as a
mean of seed dispersal.
Animals eat the fruit and then
scatter the seeds in their wastes.
Angiosperms also produce
flowers.
Angiosperms
 All flowering and fruiting
plants are angiosperms.
 Most angiosperm trees
lose their leaves
seasonally.
 Two types of
angiosperms, monocots
and dicots.
 Tracheophytes!!