Transcript temperate deciduous forest - HGC

Temperate Deciduous
Forests
Created By:
Rey Mark John Bautista
and
Lorenzo Pepito
THE ROLE OF FORESTS




Forests provide habitat for a
wide variety of plants and
animals and perform many
other important functions that
affect humans.
Forests also prevent erosion,
the wearing away of soil by
wind and rain.
In bare landscapes with little
or no vegetation, heavy rains
fall uniformly over large areas
and can wash soil into rivers
and streams and cause
landslides and flooding.
This leads to ecosystems that
are deprived of both water
and soil, which are quickly
carried away in rivers and
streams.
THE ROLE OF FORESTS



In forested areas the forest
canopy (treetops) intercepts
and gradually re-distributes
precipitation that would
otherwise cause this flooding
and erosion—some of the
precipitation flows down the
bark of the trunks as stemflow,
the rest percolates through the
branches and foliage as
throughfall.
This slower and nonuniform
distribution of the rain ensures
that soil and water will not be
immediately carried away.
In addition, the roots of the
trees and other vegetation
hold the soil in place and
prevent flooding and clouding
of streams and rivers.
THE ROLE OF FORESTS



Forests also increase the ability
of the land to capture and store
valuable water.
The canopy is especially
efficient at capturing water from
fog—condensed, cloudlike
water vapor—which it
distributes, like precipitation,
into the vegetation and soil.
Water stored in tree roots,
trunks, stems, and foliage, as
well as the soil of the forest
floor, enables forests to
maintain an even flow of water
in rivers and streams in times of
heavy precipitation or drought.
What is a Temperate Deciduous
Forest?
A Temperate Deciduous Forest is…




1.
2.
3.
4.
forests composed of deciduous species
Precipitation tends to throughout the year.
Temperate deciduous fall forests are almost
entirely confined to the Northern Hemisphere,
where they occur in three major tracts.
it has four seasons:
Spring
Summer
Fall/Autumn
Winter
WHAT DOES DECIDUOUS MEAN?

The word "deciduous" means exactly
what the leaves on these trees do:
change color in autumn, fall off in
the winter, and grow back again in
the spring. This adaptation helps
trees in the forest survive winter.
AMOUNT OF RAINFALL PER
YEAR
• If you look at the graph
to the right, you'll see
that next to the
rainforest, the
temperate deciduous gets
the second-most amount
of rainfall per year.
• In the winter,
precipitation (rainfall) is
in the form of sleet,
snow, and hail.
• The average rainfall is 30
to 60 inches per year.
• The average temperature
of the forest is about 50
degrees Fahrenheit.
HOW DO DECIDUOUS TREES & PLANTS
SURVIVE THE CHANGING SEASONS?
• Deciduous trees and plants have special adaptations to stay alive.
• Summer is a busy time for deciduous trees.
• Their broad leaves capture energy from the sun and convert it to food by
photosynthesis.
• Some of the food is used for growth and some is stored in the roots for next
spring.
• During the shorter days and cooler weather of autumn, green chlorophyll in
the leaves begins to decompose, revealing brilliant oranges, yellows, and
reds.
• These colors were present in the leaves all year long, but had been hidden
by the green pigment of the chlorophyll.
• To prepare for winter, deciduous trees and plants become dormant.
• They loose their leaves and seal the places where leaves were attached
with a protective covering called a leaf scar.
• If they kept their leaves, the water in the leaves would freeze into ice,
damaging the leaves and leaving the plant vulnerable to bacteria or fungi.
• Plants also make a concentrated sugar solution to stop water from freezing
in their stems.
• The longer days and warmer weather of spring signal to the trees to grow
new leaves and begin photosynthesis again.
WHERE ARE THE PLACES THAT YOU CAN
FIND TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FORESTS?




Temperate deciduous forests are
the type of forest found in the
eastern United States.
In Europe, the zone of deciduous
and mixed forests stretches from
the British Isles and France
through central and eastern
Europe as far as the Ural
Mountains.
In East Asia, these forests clothe
the Russian Far East, Korea,
and Japan.
Their counterparts in North
America occupy most of the area
from the Great Lakes to the
Atlantic Ocean and south to the
Gulf of Mexico.
WHERE ARE THEY LOCATED?
• Temperate
deciduous
forests are
located
primarily in
the eastern
half of the:
1. United States
2. Canada
3. Europe
4. parts of
Russia
5. China
6. Japan
Black walnut and butternut
Drop leaves before they turn
Locust
Stays green until leaves drop
Ash
Plum purple
Red maple, dogwood, sassafras, and scarlet
oak
Dark red
Sugar maple and sumac
Flame red and orange
Oak, beech, larch, elm, hickory, and
sycamore
Tan or brown
Poplar, birch, tulip tree, willow
Yellow
ANIMALS LIVING IN TEMPERATE
DECIDUOUS FORESTS
►
►
►
►
►
►
During the winter months it is usually frozen and less is available
for animals to drink.
Animals living within this biome must adjust to cold winters and hot
summers by:
hibernating
migrating
keeping active all winter
Leaves fall off trees here in the fall, leaving animals with less cover
to hide themselves from predators.
GROUPS OF PLANTS THAT LIVE
IN TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS
FORESTS

Although widely separated, these deciduous forests are much
alike, not only in appearance but also in the groups of plants
that compose them:
1. birches
2. hornbeams
3. alders
4. beeches
5. oaks
6. chestnuts
7. lindens
8. elms
9. walnuts
10. maples
11. ashes