Transcript Rafflesia arnoldii

Angiosperms
Phylum Anthophyta
Largest group of plants
Angiosperms are flowering plants.
• They have true roots, stems, leaves and
flowers...
• Angiosperms are more highly evolved that
the algae, mosses, fungi and ferns. Their
advanced structures allow angiosperms to
thrive on land.
“Angiosperm”
Angeion= vessel or carpal
Sperma= seed
• The carpal which contains the ovule that
develop into seeds after fertilization
• The carpal itself develops into the fruit
wall.
Angiosperms are the biggest
group in the plant kingdom.
And very diverse!
Matt of Duckweed, smallest flowering plants
Angiosperm
• They have roots that hold the plant in
place and take in needed minerals and
water. They have leaves that are the major
food makes for the plant. They have stems
that hold the plants up and move the
nutrients and water about the plant.
• They also have seeds.The seeds are
formed when an egg or ovule is fertilized
by pollen in the ovary. The ovary is within
a flower. The flower contains the male
and/or female parts of the plant. Fruits are
frequently produced from these ripened
ovaries.
Stamens
and a Style
Flowering duckweed plant
Angiosperm benefits
• Angiosperms the primary food source for
animals- grains, beans, nuts, fruits, vegetables,
herbs and spices almost all come from plants
with flowers, as do tea, coffee, chocolate, wine,
beer, tequila, and cola.
• They provide lumber for buildings and other
objects, fibers for clothes, are the basis for many
drugs, etc
• provides oxygen for us to breathe.
Compare to other seed plants
• Like other seed plants, angiosperms are
heterosporangiate-producing pollen
and ovules in different organs.
• Unlike most seed plants, however, the
pollen and ovule-bearing organs are
usually produced together in a
bisporangiate strobilus called a flower.
The flower
• In the center of a typical flower are the carpels,
modified leaves which enclose the ovules.
These are often fused to form a single pistil in
the center of the flower.
• Surrounding the carpels are several narrow
stalks topped by pollen sacs; these pollenbearing stalks are called stamens.
• Around these reproductive organs is the
perianth, usually consisting of an outer whorl of
sepals and an inner whorl of petals.
Flower parts
Collectively
Sepals form the calyx
Petals form the corolla
Both form perianth
Contains microsporangia
• In monocots and "primitive" dicots, the
sepals and petals may be
indistinguishable, in this case the perianth
parts are called tepals.
Angiosperm
• Monophyletic
• Include two large classes
– Monocotyledones (monocots)
• Grasses, lilies, irises, orchids, cattails, and palms
– Eudicotyledones (eudicots)
• Almost all familiar trees, and shrubs other than the
conifers and many nonwoody plants (herbs).
Monocots Drupe
Flowers and fruit of the banana
Rice
Eudicots
• Saguaro cactus
– Thick fleshy stem store water
– Contain chloroplast
– Taken over photosynthetic function
• Round lobed hepatica
–
–
–
–
Flower on deciduous woodlands
No petals
6-10 sepals
Numerous spirally arranged stamens and carpels
• California poppy
Saquaro catus
(Carnegiea gigantea)
Round lobed hepatica
(Anemone americana)
Most are free living but some
are Parasitic
• Dodder (Cuscuta salina)
– Member of the morning glory family
• Rafflesia arnoldii
– Parasitic on the roots of a member of the
grape family
Dodder
Rafflesia arnoldii
Some Angiosperm are
Saprophytic
Indian pipe (Monotropa uniflora)
Inflorescences
• In many angiosperms, the flowers are
arranged in clusters called
inflorescences.
• The flowers may be attached along a tall
stalk, arranged in broad open clusters, or
pressed tightly together so that the cluster
looks like a single flower.
Shooting Star
Butter and eggs
Lupine
bluebells
Water hemlock
Oak flowers
Position of ovary
Epigyny
Perigyny
Pollen grains
Emerging Pollen tube
Pollen grain of ragweed- hayfever