Transcript Ch 7 Basal Angiosperms

The “basal” angiosperms
- paraphyletic assemblage
- not a formal taxon recognition
Chapter 7
Simpson, 2nd Edition
Taxonomic Recognition

APG III
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, 2009
Cladistic analysis of molecular data (1993-2007)


Recognize monophyletic families (-aceae)
Orders (-ales) are monophyletic
“convenient placeholders for 1 or more families that
appear to comprise a monophyletic group with relatively
high certainty”

Monophyletic groups containing several orders
are recognized (-ids), monocots, dicots
Magnoliids, Commelinids, Rosids, Fabids, Malvids,
Asterids, Lamiids, Campanulids
75% diversity
22%
diversity
Basal Angiosperms
A. Order Amborellales
Amborellaceae
male flowers P 5-8 A ∞
female flowers P 5-8 G 5-6, superior
Amborella tricopoda
1/1 (genus/species)
- evergreen shrub of New Caledonia
- vessel-less, dioecious, small flowers
- laminar stamens, apocarpous, apically-open G
- lacks aromatic oil cells (present in rest of basals)
apically-open G
staminode
perianth parts
laminar
stamens
Developmental transition between leaf-like bracts and
perianth, perianth and stamens, and between stamens and
carpels.
Stamens are laminar (leaf-like) and the carpels are sealed by
a secretion of sticky fluid, rather than developmentally fused
as in most angiosperms.
Doug & Pam Soltis
Amborella Genome Project
Basal Angiosperms
K 4-6 C 8-∞ A∞ G 3-∞
superior or inferior
B. Order Nymphaeales
vessel-less, perennial aquatics
Nymphaeaceae
6/60 (genera/species)
tropical/temperate regions
1) large floating leaves (cordate or Water Babies
orbicular)
2) conspicuous, actinomorphic flowers
floating to emergent
3) numerous floral parts, mostly spiral
flower of Nuphar
plants of Nymphae
flower of Nymphae
leaves of Victoria
Basal Angiosperms
Order Nymphaeales
Nymphaeaceae
Flower with numerous
spiral perianth &
stamens
Numerous perianth
parts & stamens,
inferior ovary
outer, laminar to inner stamens
Ovary cross-section
Basal Angiosperms
Order Nymphaeales
Nymphaeaceae
Basal Angiosperms
Order Nymphaeales
Nymphaeaceae
Basal Angiosperms
Order Nymphaeales
Nymphaeaceae
Nymphae and Nuphar in the Boundary Waters
Canoe Area Wilderness
Magnoliids
C. Order Laurales
Lauraceae
P 3+3 A 3-12+ G 1 , superior
rarely inferior, hypanthium
45/2200
1) shrubs or trees
2) aromatic oil glands on evergreen leaves
3) undifferentiated perianth
4) widespread in tropical and subtropical areas
worldwide
5) Note floral parts in 3’s which is considered a
“monocot” trait - more later on this
A symbol of victory the laurel of ancient history
was fashioned into crowns for triumphant
heroes and into wreaths for distinguished poets
and scholars. From this come the terms poet
laureate and baccalaureate (laurel berry), also
the expression “resting on his laurels”. The
familiar bay leaves of the kitchen are dried
laurel leaves used to enhance soups, stews and
sauces.
Cinnamomum:
cinnamon,
camphor (oils)
Sassafras flowers
Persea (avocado)
Laurus nobilis leaves
(bay leaves)
Magnoliids
P∞ A∞ G∞, superior
D. Order Magnoliales
Magnoliaceae
7/200 SE U.S.
1) trees or shrubs
2) actinomorphic, solitary showy flowers
with undifferentiated petaloid perianth
Magnoliids
P∞ A∞ G∞, superior
D. Order Magnoliales
Magnoliaceae
3) elongate receptacle
4) many spirally arranged floral parts
5) fruit = follicle
elongate receptacle
many spirally arranged floral parts
fruit a follicle (note one red
seed from each carpel
Magnoliids
D. Order Magnoliales
Magnoliaceae
Magnolia
Saucer Magnolia
Magnolia
Magnoliids
D. Order Magnoliales
Liriodendron tulipifera
(Tulip tree, a valuable lumber species)
Magnoliaceae