Transcript Chapters 23 - 26 - Plant Kingdom

An Introduction
to Plants
General
Characteristics of
Plants
 Hold up the correct number using your fingers
that corresponds with the correct answer
 1 = Prokaryotic
2 = Eukaryotic
 1 = Unicellular
2 = Multicellular
 1 = Sexual
2 = Asexual
3 = Both
General
Characteristics of
Plants
 Plant cells are similar, but also different to
animal cells
 Turn to your partner and…
 Give three ways plant cells are different from
animal cells
 Cell Wall
 Chloroplasts
 Large Vacuole
Plant Adaptations for
Land
 In order for plants to be successful on land, they
needed to find a way to effectively
 Obtain water & nutrients
 Prevent water loss (maintain homeostasis)
 Reproduce
Plant Adaptations for
Land
 Today you will work with a partner to investigate
 The cells of plants
 How they obtain nutrients
 How they prevent water loss
 How they reproduce
 You will also investigate how plants are used for
food and for nonfood purposes
The Plant Cell
 1. Elodea Plant Cell

Create a wet mount slide of Elodea

Observe, draw, and label what you see on medium or
high power

When you’re done, rinse off your slide & cover slip and
place it back on the paper towel up front

What cell organelles should you see and label?
 Cell Wall
 Cell Membrane
 Chloroplasts
Plants – Specific
Characteristics
 2. Investigating Plant Characteristics
 Using your textbooks, you will investigate with your
partner the specific characteristics of different kinds
of plants (ex: reproduction, absorbing nutrients)
 3. Plants used as food and non food purposes
 Use your textbooks as your main source for this
section
 If there is extra time, use the laptops to
research how we use plants for nonfood purposes
Whiteboard Quick
Questions
 What is the difference between vascular and
nonvascular plants?
 Nonvascular – transports materials through
osmosis and diffusion
 Vascular – system of xylem & phloem to transport
materials
Whiteboard Quick
Questions
 Why were seeds and flowers a huge advantage
for plants adapting and surviving on land?
 Plants can efficiently reproduce thanks to ways of
seed dispersal and pollination
Whiteboard Quick
Questions
 The stomata and guard cells on a plant work
together to efficiently prevent….
 Water loss

Whiteboard Quick
Questions
A stomate in the lower surface of the leaf has a function
most similar to the function of which cell structure?
 (1) cell membrane (2) vacuole (3) ribosome (4) nucleus
Whiteboard Quick
Questions
 If only one type of tree is planted in an abandoned field,
the ecosystem will
 (1)evolve quickly and become extinct

(2) be unable to reach dynamic equilibrium
 (3) contain little genetic variability
 (4) be unable to cycle materials

Whiteboard Quick Questions
 Buffalo grass is a species of plant found on the grazing
prairies of Wyoming. It is a tough grass that has silicates
(compounds containing oxygen and silicon) that reinforce
its leaves. For hundreds of years, this grass has survived in
an adverse environment. Which statement best explains the
presence of this grass today?
 (1) There are no variations in this grass species that help it
to survive in an adverse environment.
 (2) Silicates are necessary for photosynthesis.
 (3) The current species has no mutations.
 (4) The silicates in the grass have given the species an
advantage in its environment.
Whiteboard Quick
Questions
 Besides plants giving us oxygen, consider a life
without plants….
 What would people do without plants for food
and non food purposes?
Plant Reproduction
How Do Plants Reproduce?
Plant Reproduction
 What is everything you already know about how
plants reproduce asexually and/or sexually?
 With your partner, write down in the box in your
notes all the information you already know about
reproduction in plants.
Two Ways
 Plants can reproduce in
two ways
 1. Asexual Reproduction
2. Sexual reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
 Vegetative
reproduction or
“propagation”
 Do not need
reproductive parts can use roots, stem,
or leaves (ex: stem
cutting)
 Can occur rapidly
 Think – Pair – Share
 Are the offspring from
vegetative reproduction
genetically the same or
different?
Sexual Reproduction
 Flowers are the
reproductive
organs of plants
 Observe the
flower to the
right. With your
partner
determine which
are the female
and male
reproductive
parts
Male
Reproductive
Parts
Female Parts
(pistil)
Male Reproductive Parts
 Male Parts
 The Stamen
consists of the
anther
 The anther
produces pollen
that is used to
fertilize the plant
(acts as “sperm”)
Female Reproductive Parts
 Female Parts
 We call the “carpel”
the pistil
 The stigma is sticky
and receives the
pollen
 The pollen goes
down a tube to
fertilize the ovary
(like the egg)
Pollination is the transfer
of pollen from the
Click to view the animation
anther to the stigma
• This is an example of cross-pollination as the
pollen travels from one flower to a different flower.
This is desirable in plants as it promotes variation.
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Seeds & Fruit
 After fertilization the ovary ripens into a fruit
 The fruit produces seeds
The Seed
 The seed germinates =
embryo grows into new
plant
Cotyledon:
Food
Source
Embryo
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fruit Development
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Seed Grows
Seed Dispersal
 Wind – By “flight”,
 like parachutes, wings,
etc.
 Ex. Dandelion
 Animal- Fruits which
animals eat, drop
undigested seeds in feces
or burrs which stick to
animals’ coats
Pollination
 Flowers are designed to
lure insects to help with
the pollination process
through bright colors,
shapes, nector, and odor
•
Also:
 1. Wind
 2. Animals
 3. Birds
 4. People
Plant Pigment
Chromatography
 What is paper chromatography?
 **Chromatography is the separation and
identification of substances in a mixture
Plant Pigment
Chromatography
Plant Pigment
Chromatography
 Today you will perform a lab in which
you will use paper chromatography to
separate and identify the pigments in a
spinach leaf
Plant Pigment
Chromatography
 Since paper chromatography takes
time, while you wait for your
chromatography to finish, you will
research information about vascular
plants
Plant Pigment
Chromatography