Transcript SCIENCE PROJECT ON REPRODUCTON IN PLANTS

REPRODUCTON IN PLANTS


1.
2.
The reproduction of new individual
from their parents is known as
reproduction.
There are two of reproduction:
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
•
•
•
•
FRAGMENTATION
BUDDING
SPORE FRMATION
VEGEVATIVE PROPAGATION
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
1. POLLINATION
2.FERTILISATION
3.SEED DISPERSAL
Reproduction in plant





Reproduction :the production of the new
individual from their parents .
Vegetative part : roots, stems, and leaves are
called the Vegetative parts.
Reproductive parts; flowers are the
reproductive part of a plant.
Asexual reproduction :the reproduction which
is done by the vegetative part.
Sexual reproduction : the reproduction which
is done by the reproductive part .
Vegetative propagation: reproduction is
through the vegetative part of the
plant.
 Eyes of potato: bud's on the potato
.These scars are called Eye.
 Budding :the small bulb like projection
coming out from the yeast cell is called
a Bud. The bud gradually grow and get
form the parent and form a new cell.
 A flower may be unisexual with either
the male or the female reproductive
part .

Reproductive area of a flower
 This photograph shows.the yellow-orange
anthers that are the pollen-containing part of
the male stamen of this flower. The anthers
are connected by stalks known as filaments.
The female stigma and style are also seen
here, as green and yellow respectively.
 Corbis/George B. Diebold
Pollination and fertilization
Pollination means transferring pollen (a male cell) from the male stamen, which
includes the filament and anther, to the female carpel, which includes the stigma,
ovary and style (1). Pollen is produced in the anther of the stamen (2), and released
when mature (3). If pollen grains attach to a stigma of a flower of the same
species, a pollen tube in the style transports the pollen into the ovary, and then into
an ovule, which is a female cell (4). The ovule is fertilized by the pollen and then
turns into a seed.
The most important task for any animal, from the tiniest insects to
elephants and whales, is to produce young. Animals need to reproduce to
make sure that their species survives.
There are two main aims in reproduction—to have as many young as
possible and for those young to live long enough to reproduce themselves.
To achieve these aims, some animals, such as many fish and frogs,
produce large numbers of offspring but leave their survival to chance.
Although thousands of eggs may be laid, many will be eaten by other
creatures and only a few make it to adulthood. Other animals, such as
monkeys, big cats and humans, have small numbers of young but look
after them carefully to give them the best possible chance of survival.
.
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
The very simplest single-celled living things reproduce without sex. The cell
divides in two to make two identical copies of the parent organism. Some
many-celled creatures such as hydras and some sponges produce young as
buds on the parent. The new individual detaches itself when it is large enough
to survive alone. Again, it is identical to its parent.
A few kinds of insect, such as aphids and ants, as well as some small water
creatures, reproduce by an asexual process called parthenogenesis. The
female’s egg develops without the need for fertilization by a male and all the
eggs hatch into females
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Most creatures reproduce sexually—a female’s egg must be fertilized by a
male’s sperm in order for the egg to develop into a new being. The young is
not an identical copy of either parent but a unique individual with
characteristics from both mother and father.
Fertilization may happen inside or outside the female’s body.
fermentation: a chemical process where carbohydrates are broken down
into other substances. One example of fermentation is the process that
uses yeast and sugar to produce alcohol. Another fermentation process
also uses yeast and sugar to produce bread.
Bread yeast, or baker's yeast, is a type of sac fungus. It reproduces by a
process called budding. Bread yeast causes bread to rise by releasing
carbon dioxide, which gets trapped in the dough. The Ancient Egyptians
were the first to discover that allowing dough to ferment produced gases
that made bread lighter.
Pollen grains
All flowering plants produce pollen
grains as part of fertilization. Pollen
cells and ovule cells are produced
inside the flowers, and the two join
together to make seeds, which can
then grow into new plants. The pollen
grains shown here have been
photographed at more than 1,000
times their actual size. Pollen grains
are also a common source of
allergies in humans as they are light
enough to easily be inhaled.
Made by
Kaushal
Narayan
Manjeet