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Rosidae II
Aceraceae -- the maple family
(2/120; Mostly New and Old World temperates, plus
tropics of s.e. Asia)
Habit shrubs or trees
Leaves palmately-veined, simple or palmately or pinnately compound leaves,
opposite; estipulate
Inflorescence panicle, raceme, corymb, or umbel-like axillary cluster
Special floral characters: nectary disc, carpels winged
Calyx 5 (4, 6-9) sepals, distinct or basally connate
Corolla 5 (0, 4, 6-9) petals, distinct
Androecium 8 (4-12) stamens, distinct
Gynoecium 2 (3+) carpels, connate, winged; superior; 2 styles or 1 style deeply
divided
Fruit= samaroid schizocarp with 1 seed maturing per locule
(Floral formula: Ca 5 Co 5 A 8 G 2 )
Rosidae II
Aceraceae -- comments
The genera: Acer (maple) is common to both the Old and New
Worlds. The other, Dipteronia, occurs only in China.
Notes: Acer is the source of maple syrup and many species are
valuable timber trees and their wood are used to make furniture.
Also used as street and other landscaping trees/shrubs.
In the field, the opposite, palmately-veined, simple leaves (except
things like A. negundo), opposite branching, and the two-winged
samaroid schizocarps should diagnose the family.
b-family Rosidae II
Anacardiaceae -- the sumac family (75/600; predominately tropical, extends up
into the temperate zones of North America and Eurasia)
Habit shrubs, trees, woody vines
Leaves simple to pinnate to trifoliolate, alternate; estipulate
Inflorescence panicle
Special floral characters: nectary disc, hypanthium sometimes present, flowers
often imperfect, resinous compounds or volatile substances with strong odor
in stems and leaves
Calyx 5 (3-7) sepals, connate
Corolla 5 (3-7) petals, distinct
Androecium 5-10 (1, many) stamens, distinct or weakly connate at base
Gynoecium 3 (2-12) carpels, connate; superior; 3 (1 or 4-5) styles, distinct
Fruit= drupe or berry
(Floral formula: Ca 5 Co 5 A 5-10 G 3 )
b-family Rosidae II
Vitaceae -- the grape family (11-14/700; Mostly tropical and subtropical with a few
widespread temperate spp.)
Habit woody vines with tendrils, less common as shrubs, trees
Leaves simple and palmately lobed or veined, or pinnately or palmately
compound, alternate; estipulate or stipulate
Inflorescence cymose, variable
Special floral characters: nectary disc
Calyx 4-5 (3-7) sepals, connate
Corolla 4-5 (3-7, 0) petals, distinct (connate) or apically coherent
Androecium 4-5 (3-7) stamens, distinct or anthers connate; opposite petals
Gynoecium 2 (3-6) carpels, connate; superior; 1 style or sessile stigma
Fruit= berry
(Floral formula: Ca 4-5 Co 4-5 A 4-5 G
2
)
Rosidae II
Rutaceae -- the citrus family (150+/900-1500; cosmopolitan tropical and temperate)
Habit shrubs or trees
Leaves simple to pinnately compound, alternate; estipulate; vegetation usually
punctate with oil glands and often strongly scented
Inflorescence various
Special floral characters: nectary disc, punctate glands often present (even in
flowers)
Calyx 4-5 (2-3) sepals,  connate
Corolla 4-5 petals, distinct (connate)
Androecium 4-10 stamens, distinct
Gynoecium 2-5 (1, many) carpels, connate; superior; 1 style
Fruit= capsule, berry, hesperidium, samara, schizocarp, or cluster of follicles
(Floral formula: Ca 4-5 Co 4-5 A 4-10 G
4-5
)
Rosidae II
Euphorbiaceae -- the spurge family (320/7500; pan tropical, poorly represented
in temperate areas)
Habit herbs, shrubs, trees, stem succulents often with milky sap
Leaves simple, alternate or opposite; stipulate
Inflorescence various, sometimes very condensed forming a cyathium
Special floral characters: imperfect flowers, typically apetalous,
Calyx 4-5 (0) sepals, distinct or  connate
Corolla 0 (4-5) petals, distinct or basally connate; can be adnate to stamens
Androecium 1-many stamens, distinct or variously connate
Gynoecium 3 (1-20) carpels, connate; superior; 3 (1-20) styles often forked
Fruit=schizocarpic capsule (rarely a drupe, berry, pod, or samara)
(Floral formula: Ca4-5 (0) Co 0 (4-5) A 0 G
3
// Ca4-5 (0) Co 0 (4-5) A 1-many G 0 )
Rosidae II
Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) -- the carrot family (428/3000; cosmopolitan,
greatest diversity in north temperate zone)
Habit herbs (rarely shrubs or trees)
Leaves simple to variously lobed or compound, alternate; estipulate with petioles
sheathing; with internal oil glands and often strongly scented
Inflorescence compound umbels (rarely simple umbels, heads, or axillary)
Special floral characters: small flowers, sepals may be highly reduced
Calyx 5 sepals, distinct
Corolla 5 (0) petals, distinct
Androecium 5 stamens, distinct, alternate to petals
Gynoecium 2 carpels, connate; inferior; 2 styles often subtended by bulging
stylopodia
Fruit= schizocarp with 2 mericarps, often strongly ribbed, sometimes winged,
samaraoid or covered with tubercles or prickles
(Floral formula: Ca 5 (0) Co 5 A 5 G 2 )