Transcript Ch. 1 - SchoolRack

Ch. 1
CLASSIFYING
ORGANISMS
Vocabulary
 Classify- to put things into groups
 Kingdom- the highest or most general
group of organisms
 Phylum- the second level of
classification below the level of
kingdom
 Class- the level of classification below
phylum
Vocabulary
 Species- the lowest level of
classification
 Vertebrate- an organism with a
backbone
 Invertebrate- animals without
backbones
Lesson 1
Why do we classify?
 Biologists classify a living thing by
comparing and contrasting the living thing’s
physical characteristics with the physical
characteristics or known organisms
 A classification systems helps organize
information and makes communication
more exact.
 What dog are you thinking of?
This is what I was thinking of.

Classification Systems
 Today’s classification system was developed by
many people and is still changing
 The seven levels of classification are:
 Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species
Classification Systems
 The six KINGDOMS of living things are:
 Archaebacteria
 Eubacteria
 Protists
 Fungi
 Plants
 Animals
Classification Systems
 Archaebacteria- live as single cells.
Many do not need oxygen or sunlight to
live
 Eubacteria- single cells that have
materials not found in archaebacteria
 Protists- most protists are single cells,
but some have many cells. Algae are
protists
Classification Systems
 Fungi- Mushrooms and molds are
fungi. Fungi can be made of one or
many cells
 Plants- plants have many cells and
make their own sugar for food
 Animals- Animals have many cells and
get their food by eating other organisms
Lesson 2
How do we classify vertebrates?
 Every animal has characteristics that
distinguish it from all other animals
 Vertebrates:
They
are multi-cellular. They are made of more
than one cell
They do not create their own food.
They can move on their own during part of or all
their lives.
Vertebrates
 Almost all animals do not have backbones.
Those that do are classified as vertebrates.
 Vertebrates:
 Fish
 Amphibians
 Reptiles
 Birds
 Mammals
Characteristics of Mammals
 Breathe air with lungs
 Make milk for their young
 Most mammals have fur
 Warm blooded
 Babies are born looking like their parents
Life Cycle of Mammals
 Birth
 Growth
 Reproduction
 Death
Characteristics of Reptiles
 Hatch from eggs
 Scaly skin
 Young feed themselves
 Cold blooded
 Lay eggs
 Vertebrates
Life Cycle of Reptiles
 Hatched (soft shelled eggs)
 Growth independently
 Reproduction
 Death
Characteristics of Birds
 Feathers
 Young are fed
 Warm blooded
 Lay eggs
 Vertebrates
Life Cycle of Birds
 Hatched (hard-shelled eggs)
 Growth
 Reproduction
 Death
Characteristics of Amphibians
Soft skin
Cold blooded
Does not feed young
Life Cycle of Amphibians
 Metamorphosis- many changes occur during
their life
 Frog’s Life Cycle
 Egg
 Tadpole
 Grow legs and tail gets shorter
 Develop lungs
 Start living on land
Characteristics of Fish
 Scales
 Cold blooded
 Do not feed their young
 Oxygen through gills
 Live in water
Life Cycle of Fish
Hatched (soft shelled eggs)
Growth independently
Reproduction
Death
Discovery of Dinosaur Fossils
 Scientist study fossils to classify animals that lived
in the past
 Fossil evidence indicates that dinosaurs were
similar to present day lizards in many ways
including:
 Skeleton with backbone
 Scales
 4 legs
 Dinosaurs and lizards have different structures for
their legs.
Review
 What are the five types of vertebrates?
 How many cells does a multicellular organism such
as a bear have?
 Humans are classified as mammals. What can you
predict about the life cycle of humans?
 How are birds and mammals alike?
 Why is the ability to fly not a defining characteristic
of birds?
Review
 Why are young birds hatched with parents present,
while most young reptiles hatch long after parents
have left the nest?
 How are amphibians and reptiles similar?
 What class of vertebrates did you find if you
discovered an animal that hatched from an egg,
spent the next stage of its life entirely in water, and
then began to get oxygen through lungs rather than
gills?
Review
 Tadpoles may be found in water and get their oxygen
using gills. Why are tadpoles not classified as fish?
 What do scientists compare dinosaur fossils with to
classify them?
 Why do scientists think dinosaurs are more closely
related to reptiles than mammals
Lesson 3
How do we classify invertebrates?
 Invertebrates are by far the most
numerous animals on Earth
 Invertebrate are animals that do NOT
have backbones.
 Invertebrate animals can range in
length from microscopic to the width of
a basketball court
Invertebrates Classification
 Invertebrates
 Mollusks
 Worms
 Arthropods
 Cnidarians
Mollusks
 Mollusks have soft bodies without backbones.
 Phylum includes:
 Snails, Slugs, Clams, Squids (largest invertebrate)
 Some mollusks get oxygen through their skin and
other get oxygen through gills
Worms
 Flatworms- flat and very thin, they live in wet and
damp places
 Roundworms- can live on water or land
 Segmented worms- include earthworm
Arthropods
 Largest phylum of animals
 Have bodies that are divided into
separate parts
 All arthropods are invertebrates
 Dichotomous key- an organized series
of questions designed to lead to the
identification of an unknown organism
Arthropods
 Examples of Arthropods:
 Insects
 Lobsters
 Spiders
 Arthropods receive oxygen in different ways:
 Gills
 Tubes
in the body
 Book lungs
Dichotomous Key
Review
 What animals is the largest invertebrate?
 How are mollusks, worms, and coral different from
fish, birds, and reptiles?
 How do mollusks obtain oxygen?
 What are the identifying characteristics of
arthropods?
Lesson 4
How are other organisms classified?
 Plants produce their own food
 Phyla (phylum) includes:
 Mosses
 Ferns
 Conifers
 Flowering plants
 Plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to
make their own sugar for food
Plants
 Vascular plants- have special tubes that
carry food and water to parts of the
plant
 Parts of a plant:
Roots
Leaves
 Organisms in the plant kingdom are
multicellular
Mosses
 Characteristics of moss:
 Not vascular
 No seeds
 No flowers
 Grows on trees
 Small plant with tiny leaf-like structures
Ferns
 Characteristics of Ferns:
 Vascular
 No seeds
 No flowers
 Have feather-like leaves
 Will grow larger than moss because it is vascular
Conifers
 Characteristics of conifers:
 Vascular
 Has seeds
 No flowers
 Phylum includes:
 Pine, Firs, Spruce
 Needle-like leaves
Flowering Plants
 Characteristics of Flowering Plants:
 Vascular
 Has seeds
 Has flowers