Transcript Forestry Practices

FOREST MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
Learning Goal: to be able to use
appropriate terminology relating to
forestry practices.
SILVICULTURE
“The art and science of reproducing and
growing trees and forests in a sustainable
manner for the benefit of society.”
FORESTRY PRACTICES
Clear cutting
Selection Cutting
Shelterwood
Sanitation Cutting
 Video -- Sustainable Logging -- National
Geographic
1. CLEARCUTTING
An even-aged system where all or
nearly all of the trees are harvested
at one time.
Clearcut
Adapted from Baughman, et al., 1993. Woodland Stewardship. P. 34-35.
Selective
Clear-Cut Forest
Clear-Cutting: Pros/Cons
2. SELECTION CUTTING
An uneven-aged system where trees of all sizes are
harvested on a cycle of about 10-15 years. Some
of the forest remains standing
Selection Cut
Adapted from Baughman, et al., 1993. Woodland Stewardship. P. 37.
Selection-Cut Forest
Selection-Cutting: Pros/Cons
3. SHELTERWOOD
An even-aged system where two cuts are used. The
first cut leaves the best trees standing as seed sources
to regenerate forests. Once the new crop is
established, the final removal cut is made which
simulates growth of new forest.
Uniform
Group
Strip
Remaining Crop Should Be:
• Windfirm
• Good Seeders
• Undamaged by Logging
Adapted from Baughman, et al., 1993. Woodland Stewardship. P. 36.
Shelterwood Forest
SANITATION CUTTING
The removal of dead or diseased/infected trees to stop
the spread of infection
HOW DID WE DO?
Learning Goal: to be able to use
appropriate terminology relating to
sustainable forestry practices.
 Forest Management in Ontario
Structure of Forests and Biodiversity
Forest:
 Ecosystem where dominant plants are trees
 50% of Canada’s land
 Canadian forests make up 10% of world’s
forests
Types of Forests in Canada
Forest Regions of Canada
1. Temperate Rainforest:
 Southwest BC
 western hemlock, W red cedar, yellow cedar,
firs, and spruce
 floor covered with ferns and wildflowers
 black & grizzly bears, black-tailed deer, frogs
and slugs
 Video -- Canadian Rain Forest -- National
Geographic
2. Boreal Forests
 most of Canada
 spruce, birch, pine, larch, popular & fir
 more than 300 species of birds
 wolves, woodland caribou, grizzly bears…
 importance:
 http://www.borealcanada.ca/favicon.ico
3.Carolinian Forest
 southern Ontario
 only 1% of Canada
 highest species biodiversity in Canada
 deciduous trees like oak, black walnut,
hickory…
 birds, flying squirrels, snakes etc.
 Mature Carolinian forest conserved by Nature
Conservancy of Canada | Solid Waste &
Recycling Magazine
4. Acadian Forest
 Atlantic Canada
 sugar maple, yellow birch, eastern hemlock,
balsam fir
 forest floor: mosses, fungi, ferns & wildflowers
 deer, foxes, bobcats, bird…
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FPPDI8qN
VNY
Structure of Forests
1.

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Canopy:
leaves and
branches of
mature trees
crowns (tops)
receives most
sunlight
habitat for birds
and insects
provides shade
for rest of
forest
2. The Understory
 made of young trees,
shrubs, bushes
adapted to living in
shade
 dogwood, berry
shrubs
 insects, snakes,
birds, bats, mammals
3. Forest Floor
 decomposing leaves & trees,
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animal droppings
important in nutrient cycling
nitrogen and phosphorus
released into soil and taken
into plants
ferns, mosses, wildflowers
and fungi
birds, rodents, amphibians…
Ecosystem Services
 reduce erosion
 store carbon
 cycling nutrients (C, N, P)
 purifying water
 provide habitat
 timber resources
 non-timber resources ex.