Transcript Floriculture - Mid

Floriculture
2009 District Test
A
• 1. Which of the following comprises the
largest part of the greenhouse industry?
•
•
a.
floriculture
•
b. olericulture
•
c.
pomology
•
d. nursery crops
D
• 2. Which of the following individuals is
credited with conducting some of the first
research concerning how plants grow?
•
•
a.
Tiberius (Nero)
•
b. Varro
•
c.
Albertus Magnus
•
d. Theophrastus
A
• 3. Which of the following job titles would be
responsible for keeping current on plantproduction technology?
•
•
a.
grower
•
b. marketing manager
•
c.
service technician
•
d. receptionist
A
• 4. The proper orientation for greenhouses
south of the 38th parallel is
•
•
a.
ends facing north and south.
•
b. ends facing east and west.
•
c.
sides facing east and west.
•
d. orientation makes no difference
south of the 38th parallel.
A
• 5. Which of the following greenhouse
covering materials cannot be used on a Gothic
arch greenhouse?
•
•
a.
glass
•
b. fiberglass panels
•
c.
polyethylene plastic film
•
d. polycarbonate panels
D
• 6. Which of the following is not a factor to be
considered when purchasing a greenhouse
covering material?
•
•
a.
light transmission
•
b. longevity
•
c.
heat retention
•
d. chemical composition
B
• 7. Lexan® is one brand name available for
what type of greenhouse glazing material?
•
•
a.
acrylic
•
b. polycarbonate
•
c.
fiberglass
•
d. low-E glass
B
• 8. Which of the following represents the
greatest disadvantage for using twin-walled
polycarbonate as a greenhouse covering
material?
•
•
a.
heat retention
•
b.
high initial cost
•
c.
light diffusion
•
d.
longevity
B
• 9. An electronic semiconductor used in
computer-controlled greenhouses is known as
•
•
a.
an aspirated thermostat.
•
b. a thermistor.
•
c.
a solid state fuel cell.
•
d. a humidistat.
A
• 10. Which of the following greenhouse floor
materials would be hardest to keep sanitized?
•
•
a.
bare ground
•
b. brick pavers
•
c.
asphalt
•
d. concrete
C
• 11. Unit heaters that use combustible fuels
•
•
a.
consume carbon monoxide.
•
b. consume carbon dioxide.
•
c.
must be supplied with fresh air.
•
d. release oxygen into the greenhouse.
D
• 12. As an energy conservation method, twin-wall
covering materials operate on the principle of
•
•
a.
reducing the amount of greenhouse space
to be heated.
•
b.
returning warm air downward from the
greenhouse attic.
•
c.
reducing the infiltration loss from the
greenhouse covering material.
•
d.
increasing the R-value of the greenhouse
covering.
D
• 13. Which of the following is an environmental
factor normally monitored by greenhouse
owners?
•
•
a.
carbon dioxide level
•
b. chlorophyll content
•
c.
oxygen level
•
d. None of these is correct.
B
• 14. As the air in a greenhouse warms and no
additional water vapor is added the relative
humidity
•
•
a.
goes up.
•
b. goes down.
•
c.
stays the same.
•
d. approaches 100 percent.
D
• 15. Which of the following is a characteristic of
dicots?
•
•
a.
pith in center of stem
•
b. single cotyledon
•
c.
vascular bundles scattered
throughout stem
•
d. leaves with netted veins
B
• 16. Which of the following serves as a food
source for the embryo of a seed?
•
•
a.
radicle
•
b. endosperm
•
c.
hypocotyl
•
d. epicotyl
B
• 17. Where in a plant can cambium meristem
tissue be found?
•
•
a.
at the tips of shoots
•
b. in stems
•
c.
at the tips of roots
•
d. just above the nodes of a monocot
A
• 18. An example of a plant with adventitious air
roots would be
•
•
a.
English ivy.
•
b. orchid.
•
c.
Swedish ivy.
•
d. water lily.
D
• 19. Horizontal, above ground stems that can
form roots on their lower surface are known
as
•
•
a.
rhizomes.
•
b. corms.
•
c.
bulbs.
•
d. stolons.
C
• 20. Which of the following is not a modified
leaf?
•
•
a.
thorn
•
b. tendril
•
c.
plumule
•
d. bract
B
• 21. Leaves with rounded projections along
their margins are said to be
•
•
a.
dentate.
•
b. lobed.
•
c.
undulate.
•
d. incised.
B
• 22. Which of the following statements is false?
•
•
a.
A flower can be perfect yet incomplete.
•
b.
A flower can be imperfect yet complete.
•
c.
A flower can be complete yet imperfect.
•
d.
A flower can be perfect yet imperfect.
A
• 23. Which of the following is not a
classification of stem growth?
•
•
a.
fleshy
•
b. erect
•
c.
creeping
•
d. decumbent
C
• 24. The tendency of plants to bend or grow
upward is known as
•
•
a.
photoperiodism.
•
b. phototropism.
•
c.
geotropism.
•
d. photosynthesis.
C
• 25. Which of the following is a photoperiodic
response in plants?
•
•
a.
root growth
•
b. chlorophyll development
•
c.
bract coloration
•
d. None of these is correct.
A
• 26. Which of the following is not a normal
function of a plant’s leaves?
•
•
a.
reproduction
•
b. food manufacture
•
c.
protection of vegetative buds
•
d. sunlight interception
D
• 27. Which of the following growing media
amendments is organic in nature?
•
•
a.
vermiculite
•
b. rock wool
•
c.
perlite
•
d. coir
B
• 28. Which of the following is a chemical
characteristic of a growing medium?
•
•
a.
porosity
•
b. pH
•
c.
bulk density
•
d. carbon:nitrogen ratio
D
• 29. Which of the following primarily is used to
adding weight to a growing medium?
•
•
a.
coir
•
b. perlite
•
c.
Sphagnum peat moss
•
d. sand
C
• 30. Necrosis along the edges of the older, lower
leaves of a plant best describes a deficiency of
which of the following essential mineral
elements?
•
•
a.
potassium
•
b.
manganese
•
c.
magnesium
•
d.
iron
B
• 31. Which of the following is an essential
macronutrient?
•
•
a.
iron
•
b. hydrogen
•
c.
sulfur
•
d. zinc
D
• 32. Which of the following is classified as an
essential secondary macroelement in plant
nutrition?
•
•
a.
phosphorus
•
b. iron
•
c.
boron
•
d. magnesium
A
• 33. How many pounds of actual potassium are
contained by a 20-pound bag of 20-10-20
fertilizer?
•
•
a.
20
•
b. 400
•
c.
10
•
d. 5
B
• 34. If plants are being fed at the rate of 250 ppm
nitrogen from a fertilizer with the analysis of 2010-20, how much phosphorus (as P2O5) is being
fed at the same time?
•
•
a.
250 ppm
•
b.
125 ppm
•
c.
200 ppm
•
d.
None of these is correct.
B
• 35. The four environmental conditions that play a
key role in seed germination are
•
•
a.
age of seed, temperature, moisture,
light.
•
b.
temperature, moisture, light, oxygen.
•
c.
air, moisture, age of seed, temperature.
•
d.
seed dormancy, temperature, light,
moisture.
C
• 36. The resting stage for seeds that prevents
them from germinating until specific
environmental conditions have been met is
known as
•
•
a.
stratification.
•
b.
scarification.
•
c.
dormancy.
•
d.
All of these are correct.
D
• 37. A method of asexual (vegetative) plant
propagation in which new roots are formed on a
stem while it still is attached to the parent plant is
called
•
•
a.
grafting.
•
b.
stem cuttings.
•
c.
division.
•
d.
layering.
A
• 38. Seed germination in which the cotyledons
emerge above ground is termed __________
and exhibited by most __________ plants.
•
•
a.
epigeous; dicot
•
b. epigeous; monocot
•
c.
hypogeous; dicot
•
d. hypogeous; monocot
D
• 39. Rooting hormones used in plant
propagation
•
•
a.
stimulate vigorous root growth.
•
b. increase the percentage of
successfully rooted cuttings.
•
c.
help plants root more quickly.
•
d. All of these are correct.
B
• 40. Which of the following type of mouth part
does an aphid possess?
•
•
a.
chewing
•
b. piercing
•
c.
rasping
•
d. None of these is correct.
A
• 41. Which of the following would not be a
stage in the life cycle of an insect that
undergoes complete metamorphosis?
•
•
a.
nymph
•
b. larva
•
c.
egg
•
d. pupa
B
• 42. What type of pest control would
pasteurizing growing media represent?
•
•
a.
chemical
•
b. cultural
•
c.
mechanical
•
d. biological
D
• 43. Which of the following is characteristic of
thrips damage on plants?
•
•
a.
large holes in the leaves of the plants
•
b.
round, hard shells with rubbery coating
on plants
•
c.
yellow, deformed foliage with cottony
masses attached
•
d.
streaking and browning of flower petals
C
• 44. What type of environmental conditions
does Botrytis blight (gray mold) prefer?
•
•
a.
warm and moist
•
b. warm and dry
•
c.
cool and moist
•
d. cool and dry
D
• 45. The most important consideration when using
pesticides in the greenhouse is to
•
•
a.
never apply more than one pesticide at
a time.
•
b.
clean equipment thoroughly after use.
•
c.
never apply pesticides alone.
•
d.
always read and follow label directions.
A
• 46. Which of the following disease organisms
require a vector to spread them from plant-toplant?
•
•
a.
bacteria and viruses
•
b. fungi and nematodes
•
c.
bacteria and nematodes
•
d. None of these is correct.
B
• 47. Which of the following would a pesticide
label normally not contain?
•
•
a.
first aid recommendations
•
b. expiration date of active ingredient
•
c.
EPA classification
•
d. safe reentry time
B
• 48. A pesticide-laden substance that lures
plant pests is referred to as
•
•
a.
an emulsifiable concentrate.
•
b. a bait.
•
c.
a pheromone.
•
d. an insect growth regulator.
C
• 49. Which of the following normally is not part
of records kept to evaluate the marketing plan
of a greenhouse operation?
•
•
a.
price per plant
•
b. number of plants sold
•
c.
income level of customer
•
d. date when plants were sold
D
• 50. If labor costs $10.00 per hour and a worker
can transplant 10 trays filled with 806 cell packs
per hour, how much transplanting labor is
involved with each cell pack (rounded to two
decimals)?
•
•
a.
$.06
•
b.
$.10
•
c.
$.08
•
d.
$.13
A
• 51. Which of the following would not be an
example of a common potted foliage plant?
•
•
a.
leatherleaf fern
•
b. Swedish ivy
•
c.
Philodendron
•
d. golden pothos
B
• 52. What processing techniques are applied to the
completed floral design?
•
•
a.
Only water and a preservative are added to
keep the arrangement fresh.
•
b.
The arrangement is filled with water
containing a preservative and is refrigerated.
•
c.
Spray preservatives are applied to the leaves
and flowers only.
•
d.
The arrangement is placed in a cool, dark
location to keep it fresh.
D
• 53. What is the first step in routing orders when
delivering?
•
•
a.
Sort orders according to where they are to
be delivered.
•
b.
Sort orders according to the time they are to
be delivered.
•
c.
Sort orders according to the type of
arrangement and kinds of flowers used.
•
d.
Sort orders by the date the flowers are to be
delivered.
C
• 54. Why are water picks used in retail floral
design?
•
•
a.
to anchor the stems of flowers in floral
foam
•
b.
to anchor foliage in the container
•
c.
to provide water for individual flowers
•
d.
to provide a holding device for greenery
C
• 55. In floral design, baby’s breath (Gypsophila
paniculata) is classified as a __________
flower.
•
•
a.
line
•
b. mass
•
c.
filler
•
d. form
D
• 56. What material does a designer use to
temporarily anchor a frog to a container?
•
•
a.
tape
•
b. pan melt glue
•
c.
grid
•
d. florist clay
D
• 57. Which of the following is not a reason for
wiring a flower?
•
•
a.
Wiring adds flexibility to flower stems.
•
b.
Wiring allows flowers to be shaped.
•
c.
Wiring strengthens weak stems.
•
d.
Wiring adds a new look to the
arrangement.
A
• 58. In floral design, which of the following
would be considered a line flower?
•
•
a.
gladiolus
•
b. protea
•
c.
statice
•
d. baby’s breath
C
• 59. What ribbon sizes are generally used to
decorate potted plants?
•
•
a.
#3 and #9
•
b. #9 and #27
•
c.
#9 and #40
•
d. #27 and #40
B
• 60. Which of the following techniques helps prevent
flowers from being crushed when being wrapped or
boxed?
•
•
a.
Arranging flowers by alternating them from
one end of the box to the other.
•
b.
Arranging flowers so that heads are not
directly on top of other heads.
•
c.
Arrange foliage between layers of flowers to
cushion.
•
d.
Arranging flowers with stems in foam or
water picks.
C
• 61. Which of the following wiring methods
involves the use of a small piece of moist
cotton?
•
•
a.
clutch method
•
b. straight-wire method
•
c.
hairpin method
•
d. hook method
A
• 62. Which of the following is not a characteristic
of a properly tapped flower?
•
•
a.
the calyx of the flower should not be
covered
•
b.
tape has been stretched and pulled the
length of the wire
•
c.
the tape should be difficult to pull off
the wire
•
d.
None of these is correct.
C
• 63. When wrapping cut flowers for delivery,
how should they be placed on the sheet of
wrapping paper?
•
•
a.
parallel to the top
•
b. upside down
•
c.
pointing toward one corner
•
d. pointing toward the center
D
• 64. Which of the following is not a basic
element of floral arranging?
•
•
a.
scale
•
b. balance
•
c.
unity
•
d. texture
B
• 65. Which of the following is not a rule of floral
design?
•
•
a.
Do not use more than four colors.
•
b.
Place dark colors toward the top of the
arrangement.
•
c.
Arrangements should be 1.5 to 2 times
the height or length of the container.
•
d.
Do not use more than three kinds of
flowers.
B
• 66. Which of the following color harmonies
includes the use of two or three colors near
each other on the color wheel?
•
•
a.
monochromatic
•
b. analogous
•
c.
triad harmonies
•
d. polychromatic
A
• 67. Where can flowers be placed during a wedding
ceremony in a church?
•
•
a.
aisles, alter, unity candle, and guest book
•
b.
alter, entryway, gift table, and unity candle
•
c.
candelabra, gift table, standing sprays, and
set pieces
•
d.
set pieces, aisle runners, guest book, and
candelabra
A
• 68. Which of the following is not considered a
straight-line arrangement?
•
•
a.
Hogarth
•
b. triangle
•
c.
vertical
•
d. inverted-T
D
• 69. What is the term used to describe a
contemporary flower design when groups of
flowers in contrasting colors are placed closely
together in a low, flat pattern?
•
•
a.
parallel
•
b.
new wave
•
c.
abstract
•
d.
pav’e
C
• 70. Which of the following are not designs used
in the ceremony of a wedding?
•
•
a.
canopy, unity candle, aisle runner
•
b.
unity candle, guest book, alter flowers
•
c.
gift table, unity candle, guest book
•
d.
canopy, kneeling bench, candelabra
decorations
C
• 71. Because they emit __________ fresh
greens used in wreath construction should not
be stored in the same cooler with flowers.
•
•
a.
ozone
•
b. carbon monoxide
•
c.
ethylene
•
d. nitrogen
D
• 72. Which of the following is not true about the use of
silk flowers in arrangments?
•
•
a.
They must be prepared or bent into shape.
•
b.
Silk flowers are available throughout the
year.
•
c.
The stems of silk flowers can be lengthened
by wiring them.
•
d.
Silk flower stems can be easily cut with a
florist scissors.
C
• 73. How is the use of dried flowers different from the
use of silk flowers in arrangements?
•
•
a.
A firmer dry foam is needed for dried
flowers because of their stems.
•
b.
The foam does not need to be covered in a
dried flower arrangement.
•
c.
The stems of most dried flowers cannot be
bent to a particular shape.
•
d.
Most dried flowers are light in weight;
therefore the container should weigh less
also.
C
• 74. Which of the following should not be done
when handling complaints from customers?
•
•
a.
Avoid arguing with the customer.
•
b.
Resolve the problem as positively as
possible.
•
c.
Kindly inform the customer they are
free to take their business elsewhere.
•
d.
If unable to resolve the complaint, ask
the manager to step in and handle it.
D
• 75. Assume that the materials used to construct a
floral arrangement have a wholesale cost of $12.
How much profit would a shop obtain from this
arrangement if it was priced using the 3:1 ratio
method?
•
•
a.
$12
•
b.
$18
•
c.
$24
•
d.
$36