Transcript Kingdom Fungi - Middle school

Maiden Veil Fungus
Kingdom Fungi
“-mycota”
Hericium erinaceus (Pompom Mushroom
Fungi
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Eukaryotes
Over 200,000 identified species
Decomposers, some parasitic
Most multicellular
Sessile, with one phylum exception
Usually no roots, stems, leaves,
chloroplasts
• Reproduce by spores
Fungi Importance
• Recycling materials back to Earth
– About 85% of carbon is recycled by these
decomposers; the other 15% is by bacteria
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Symbiotic plant-fungi relationships
Food source
Medicines
Biocontrol
Staphylococcus
aureus bacteria is
inhibited in by
Penicillium mold!
Edible Fungi
Health Food Variety
1. Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi)
2. Lentinula edodes (Shiitake)
3. Cordyceps sinensis
Top Restaurant Variety
4. Tremella fuciformis
1. Shiitake
5. Poria cocos
2. Oyster - 4 varieties
6. Hericium erinaceus
3. Nameko
7. Grifola frondosus (Maitake)
4. Brown Clamshells (tm) (Hon-shimeji)
8. Auricularia auricula
5. Alba Clamshells (tm) (White Hon-shimeji)
9. Coriolus versicolor
6. Pom Pon Blanc(tm) (Hericium erinaceus)
10. Polyporus umbellatus
7. Maitake (Hen of the Woods)
11. Flamulina velutipes
8. Trumpet Royale (tm)
12. Schizophyllum commune
9. Cinnamon Caps (tm)
Fungi Downfalls
• Crop disease
• Animal disease
• Food spoiling
Fungus Asexual Reproduction
• A single fungus may produce
10,000 million spores!
• In order to find room for all the
spores, fungus have some neat
adaptations.
• Mushrooms have paper-thin folds
calls gills or lamellae. This has a
lot of surface area.
• Other fungus have tubes or
pores that hold the spores.
• Still more have teeth-like
structures or are made up entirely
of folds.
Where are the spores?
polypores
gills
boletes
jelly fungi
stinkhorns
Earth balls, puff
balls, earth stars
cup fungi
Spore Dispersal
• Spores fall out
due to gravity.
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• Pressure causes top
to open and them to
“spit out”.
Spores break
down and
create a
black
dripping fluid
(ink-like).
• Spores are
dispersed when
animals land on the
sticky spores that
smell yummy to
them (yucky to us!)
Phylums of Fungi
Kingdom:
Fungi
Eumycota (true-fungi)
Phylum:
Chytridiomycota
Phylum:
Zygomycota
Phylum:
Glomeromycota
Phylum:
Ascomycota
Phylum:
Basidiomycota
Phylum:
Deuteromycota
Chytridiomycota
• Chytridiomycota
• Primitive aquatic
fungi. They are
characterized by
having gametes
that are motile by
means of flagella.
• 1000 species
Zygomycota (Coenocytic Fungi)
• Zygomycota
• Form sexual
spores called
zygospores.
They form
when the
nuclei at the
ends of two
hyphae fuse
together in a
process of
fertilization to
form a
zygote.
Fungus growing on moss, to the right is a
magnified view.
Zygomycota:Black Bread Mold
• Rhizopus
nigricans
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Glomeromycota
• Reproduce
asexually by
blastospore.
• Have a symbiotic
relationship with
plants. The fungus
gets nutrients
from the plant and
the plant uses the
fungus’ extended
root system. This
is…
• Mutualism!
Eumycota (Septate “true” Fungi)
• Three “true”
Phylum:
– A: Ascomycetes
(Cup or Sac Fungi)
– B:
Basidiomycetes
(Club Fungi)
– C:
Deuteromycetes
(Imperfect Fungi)
Ascomycota:Cup Fungus
• Ascomycetes
• Their sexual
spores
(ascospores)
are enclosed in
tube-like sacs
known as asci.
• Neurospora
crassa is an
ascomycete
mold that was
important in
studies of
genetic linkage.
Orange
fairy
Asci
With lichen
surrounding
Scarlet
fungus
Basidiomycota: Club Fungus
• Basidiomycetes
• Their sexual
spores, or
basidiospores,
are formed on
complex fruiting
body structures
called basidia.
Included in this
class are some of
the most complex
fungi, including
mushrooms and
puffballs.
leucocoprinus
fragilissimus
puffballs
Coral
fungus
Deuteromycota: Imperfect Fungus
Epidermophyton
• Deuteromycetes
• No sexual stage
has been
discovered.
• Many responsible
for fungal
infections in
humans, like
athlete’s foot and
yeast infections.
Sporothrix
schenckii
Candida
albicans
Fungi
• ICK!
• That was a quick run through of those
FUN-Guys !
A little Classification
Glowing Fungus!
“The Mycena lux-coeli mushrooms, known in Japan
as shii no tomobishi-dake (literally, “chinquapin glow
mushrooms”), sprout from fallen chinquapin trees.
As they grow, a chemical reaction involving luciferin
(a light-emitting pigment contained within the
mushrooms) occurs, causing them to glow a ghostly
green.”
Fungi Captures Nematode!
C. tuberculata