Transcript Artificial System of Plant Classification

Artificial System of Plant
Classification
 Carl Linnaeus
 Born in Sweden (17071778)
 Father of Taxonomy
Taxonomy
 Taxonomy based on
reproductive organs.
 Class determined
by Stamen
 Order by Pistils
 Problems
 Controversial
 “The flowers' leaves. . .
serve as bridal beds
which the Creator has so
gloriously arranged,
adorned with such noble
bed curtains, and
perfumed with so many
soft scents that the
bridegroom with his bride
might there celebrate their
nuptials with so much the
greater solemnity. . . “
Before Linnaeus
 Naming practices
varied
For instance, the common wild briar rose:
Rosa sylvestris inodora seu
canina
and
Rosa sylvestris alba cum
rubore, folio glabro
Artificial vs. Natural
 Artificial taxonomy was a system of
grouping unrelated plant species by a
common criteria (i.e. a flowers sexual
organs)
 Natural classification reflects evolutionary
relationships…
Artificial System of
Plant Classification
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus
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Born May 22, 1707 in Råshult, Sweden.
Father was botanist/naturalist
Attended Univ. of Lund and Univ. of Uppsala
Traveled to Lapland (Blue Lake, CA) and collected 537
plant specimens
Married Sara Moraea in 1739
Opened own medical practice specializing in venereal
diseases
Became professor at Uppsala
Produced his sexual system of classification (Artificial
classification)
Invented binomial nomenclature
What is Artificial Plant
Classification
 Method of classifying plants
based on a limited number
of their physical and sexual
characteristics
Basics
 ‘Sexual’ system
 Divided plants into
24 classes
 Classes based
largely on the
amount, union and
length of stamens
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Linnaeus' classification system for plants (I) Public Marriages (Flowers visible to everyone)
Monoclinous (Husband and wife have the same bed) [Hermaphrodite flowers: stamens and pistils in the
same flower]
Without Affinity (Husbands not related to each other) [stamens not united by any of their parts]
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Without Subordination (All the males of equal rank) [stamens not in set proportion]
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Monandria - One husband in marriage
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Diandria - Two husbands in the same marriage
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Triandria - Three husbands in the same marriage
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Tetrandria - Four husbands in the same marriage
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Pentandria - Five husbands in the same marriage
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Hexandria - Six husbands in the same marriage
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Heptandria - Seven husbands in the same marriage
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Octandria - Eight husbands in the same marriage
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Enneandria - Nine husbands in the same marriage
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Decandria - Ten husbands in the same marriage
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Dodecandria - Twelve to nineteen husbands in the same marriage
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Icosandria - Generally twenty husbands, often more
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Polyandria - Twenty males or more in the same marriage
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With Subordination (Some males above the others) [Two stamens always shorter]
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Didynamia - Four husbands, two taller than the other two
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Tetradynamia - More than four husbands, two shorter than the others
With Affinity (Husbands related to each other) [stamens united with each other or with the pistil]
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Monadelphia - Husbands, like brothers, arise from one base
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Diadelphia - Husbands arise from two bases, as if from two mothers
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Polyadelphia - Husbands arise from more than two mothers
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Syngenesia - Husbands joined together at the top
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Gynandria - Husbands and wives growing together
Diclinous (Husband and wife have separate beds) [separate male and female flowers of the same species]
Monoecia - Husbands live with their wives in the same house, but have different beds
Dioecia - Husbands and wives have different houses
Polygamia - Husbands live with wives and concubines
(II) Clandestine Marriages (Flowers scarcely visible to the naked eye)
Cryptogamia - Nuptials are celebrated privately