Transcript Systematic Implications of DNA variation in subfamily

Basal Eudicots:
Ranunculales and Proteales
Spring 2011
Figure 9.1 from the text
Eudicots (tricolpates)
• Monophyletic: tricolpate pollen,
slender filaments in stamens*, and
loss of ethereal oils
• Ca. 125 million years old as a lineage
• Ca. 75% of angiosperm diversity (at
least 160,000 species)
• Flower parts in whorls, with whorls
alternating*
*also happened in monocots
Figure 9.3 from the text
Tricolpate relationships
Basal and lower core eudicots
Basal
tricolpates
Order Ranunculales
Ranunculaceae – Buttercups
Papaveraceae - Poppies
Order Proteales
Platanaceae - Sycamore
Order Caryophyllales
Caryophyllaceae - Carnations
Amaranthaceae - Amaranths
“Portulacaceae” - Purslanes
Cactaceae - Cacti
Polygonaceae - Knotweeds
Order Saxifragales
Crassulaceae
Saxifragaceae
Hamamelidaceae
Basal Eudicots:
Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae
(The Buttercup Family)
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Widespread, but predominantly of temperate and
boreal regions
Herbs or less often shrubs or vines
Diversity: 2,000 in 47 genera
Flowers: receptacle short to elongated; tepals 4 to
many; stamens numerous; 5+ free carpels; fruit
usually an aggregate of follicles or achenes
Significant features: wide range of floral diversity
and pollination syndromes, toothed or lobed leaves
Special uses: primarily ornamentals
Required taxa: Ranunculus, Aquilegia
Ranunculaceae
flower structure
Ranunculaceae – Ranunculus
Buttercups
-cauline leaves alternate
-flowers usually yellow
(rarely white)
-petals (3-) 5 or more
-petals flat or concave,
often with a nectarproducing spot or pit
at the base
-fruit an aggregate of achenes
Ranunculaceae – Aquilegia
Columbines
-herbs with 2-3ternately compound
leaves
-sepals 5, colored like
the petals
-petals 5, all alike, each
with a nectar spur
-fruit an aggregate of
follicles
-hummingbird, bee and hawkmoth
pollination
Basal Eudicots:
Ranunculales: Berberidaceae
(The Barberry Family)
• Widespread, in temperate regions of
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Northern Hemisphere & the Andes in South
America
Shrubs or herbs
Diversity: 670 species in 15 genera
Flowers: petals & sepals (4-) 6; stamens 4-6
(to numerous); unicarpellate, superior
ovary; fruit a berry, seeds often arillate
Significant features: Yellow wood (!).
Special uses: primarily ornamentals
Family not required; for information only
Berberidaceae
Podophyllum peltatum
Basal Eudicots:
Ranunculales: Papaveraceae
(The Poppy Family)
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Widely distributed in temperate regions; N. Hemisphere,
South Africa.
Herbs or soft wooded shrubs.
Diversity: 770 species in 40 genera.
Flowers: Sepals 2 (-3) & quickly deciduous; petals 4 (6);
carpels 2+, connate, superior ovary; fruit a capsule
(poricidal or slits)
Significant features: Leaves often highly dissected or
lobed; latex/laticifers present; most taxa are poisonous
Special uses: poppy (Papaver somniferum) source of
opiate alkaloids, ornamentals
Required taxa: Papaver (poppy)
Papaveraceae - Papaver
-herbs with white latex
-flower buds nodding
-sepals 2, petals 4
-stigmas forming a flat,
4-20-rayed crown
-capsule with poricidal
dehiscence
Basal Eudicots:
Proteales: Platanaceae
(The Sycamore Family)
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Tropical to temperate regions, N. America, S.
Europe, SW & SE Asia
Trees
Diversity: 7 species in 1 genus
Flowers: densely arranged in a raceme of globose
heads; flowers small, unisexual, inconspicuous,
wind-pollinated; fruits are achenes associated with
hairs in dense, globose clusters
Significant features: characteristic bark; leaves
usually with palmate venation; axillary buds
covered by an enlarged petiole base
Special uses: ornamental trees, lumber
Required taxa: Platanus (sycamore/plane tree)
Platanaceae – Platanus occidentalis