Transcript plant anatomy

THE IMPORTANCE OF
PLANTS
20th Century Med. Man Video (30 min)
Walk on Campus to identify (sheet in binder)
1.flowers,cones, ferns and mosses 2. flower parts
3.common trees and plants (locust, oak, pear,
hemlock, dandelion, violet, grass, poison ivy,
dogwood, pine, black cherry)
Info on seeds was covered for
quarter long project
Flower parts were covered when
we did genetics
MOSS- non-vascular, reproduce with spores
FERN vascular, reproduce with spores
CONIFERS
vascular,
reproduce with
pollen and seed in
cones
FLOWERING PLANTS
Vocabulary
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Cereal
Legumes
root crops
fruit
grain
vegetative part
root hairs,
root cap,
herbaceous plant,
vascular bundle
transpiration
Read (570-579, 534-541)
FLOWER
ANATOMY
POLLEN
Apple seeds
CASHEW Fruit and seed
The importance of plants
• A.
• 275,000to 400,000
– SPECIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS
• 3,000
• 200
• 12
USED FOR HUMAN FOOD
DOMESTICATED
MAIN FOODS
DOMESTICATION
• - REQUIRE HUMAN
INTERVENTION TO
MAINTAIN
CURRENT FORM
Activity!
• Name the major food crop plants that are
harvest.
• This is based on amount harvested
list is by weight harvested
1.
7.
13.
2.
8.
14.
3
9.
15.
4.
10.
16.
5.
11.
17.
6.
12.
list is by weight harvested
1. SUGAR CANE*
2. WHEAT*
3. CORN*
4. RICE*
5. POTATO
6. SUGAR BEET
7. BARLEY*
8. MANIOC
9. SWEET POTATO
10. SOY BEAN
11. SORGHUM*
12. BANANA
13. GRAPE
14. TOMATO
15. OAT*
16. ORANGE
17. APPLE
What do all the * have in common?
*
MAJOR plant family Grass family
SUGAR CANE
RICE
BARLEY
SORGHUM
POTATO
SUGAR BEET
manioc
SWEET POTATO
BANANA
C. HUMAN EXISTENCE
• 200,000 TO 100,000 may have been
humans in an early form H. sapiens var.
sapiens and H. sapiens var.
neaderthalensis
• 25,000 to 35,000 years ago substantial
archeological and fossil evidence of H.
sapiens (us)
EARLY HUMAN LIFESTYLE?
•
• Man
Hunter/gatherer
herd
food
season
• Change in human behavior approximately
9,000 years ago
• Domestication/agriculture develops
simultaneously in several places in the world
GOOD EVIDENCE OF FARMING
• 7,000 B.C.
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"
• 5,000
• 7,000-5,000
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5,000
Fertile Crescent, Near East
Wheat , Barley
Thailand bean and pea
Asia
rice
Mexico near Texas
gourds, chili, beans
Mexico City squash, beans,
avacado, Maize
Current foods in an area reflect
heritage
D. NOTES ON 20TH CENTURY
MED MAN. (video in library)
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Botany
Ethnobotany
Dr. Mark Plotkin (Harvard)
Jaguar Shaman
Rainforest Destruction and Old age of Shaman
25% of modern meds have their origin in plants
examples poppy (opium, morphine)
periwinkle (vincristine) willow (aspirin)
PLANT ANATOMY
Part II of Plants
Read 569-582
I. GROSS ANATOMY
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ROOTS (functions?)
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Anchor
absorb water and
nutrients
asexual reproduction
(ex. Raspberry)
storage ex. Yam,
carrot , beet
LEAVES
– Photosynthesis
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Enzymes, sunlight, chlorophyll
– Transpiration – release of water through
the leaf surface. The plant is like a straw.
Roots have the opening and the leaves
have the exit
– asexual reproduction
ex. African violet
Kalanchoe
– storage ex. Cabbage,
onion, lettuce
STEM
support the leaves and
flowers
asexual reproduction
ex. Potato,
strawberry
storage ex. Potato,
broccoli, cauliflower ,
asparagus
II. CELLULAR ANATOMY
• transport
• xylem
• phloem
• Active Cell
division
• absorption
• Water up
• Sugars down
• Meristem
• Root tip
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support- wood
dating activity with
growth rings
How old is this stem?
12 years old
cell division
Adding to length at
root and stem tips
by apical meristem
cell division
Adding to the
width of stem
-lateral meristem
Vascular bundle
Looks vaguely like
an ice cream
cone
Photosynthesis
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from work sheet
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leaf anatomy- stomata
chromatography- pigments
chlorophyll
carotene
xanthophylls
Photosynthesis
1. Leaf Anatomy – stomata and
guard cells (from worksheet)
2. Chromatography- pigment
mixtures are separated and
analyzed
• Chlorophyll – green pigment
• Carotene – orange pigment
• Xanthophylls – yellow pigment
III. PLANT RESPONSES
(tropisms)
• Controlled by hormones that stimulate
specific cells to grow
• Thigmotropism – response to touch
(vines, venus fly traps)
• Phototropism – response to light
(seedlings)
• Gravitropism – up and down growth
• Chemotropism – response to a chemical
stimulus (ex. fertilizer)
Thigmotropism
• The turning or bending response of
an organism upon direct contact
with a solid surface or object.
Phototropism
Gravitropism
Chemotropism
Legumes
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Simple dry fruit
Common name for fruit is a pod
Peas, beans, lentils, and peanuts
High in protein
Quiz on plants MONDAY
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Video Med Man,
Human uses of plants, Text
Notes,
Vocab
LABS Tree Ring, Chromotography,
Campus Walk and Plant identification,
• Cross word
• Plant anatomy
4th Quarter NOTEBOOK CONTENTS
• Cover Sheet
• Assignment Sheet
• Grade Sheet
• Vocabulary (96 - 133)
• Notes
THIS IS 10% OF YOUR
QUARTER GRADE!!!
• Daily Work
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Pg 149 Theory of Evol WS
Pg 157 Theory of Evol WS
History of Life WS
Pg 161 Evolution WS
Plant Puzzle
Virus Paragraph (living or
nonliving)
• Labs
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Amino Acid Lab
Viral Lab
Plant Walk
Dendrochronology
Notebook check
WEDNESDAY….
Here’s another option…
Plant Test Topics
• Video Med. Man
• Human Uses of plants, Text
• Notes – gross anatomy, cell anatomy, list of food
crops and numbers of species of plants,
photosynthesis
• Vocab
• Labs – chromotography, campus walk, plant
identification
• Crossword with stuff on back
• Plant anatomy
Plant Jeopardy – Easy questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
Products of photosynthesis?
This transports water in a plant - _______
Define ethnobotany.
What is causing loss of knowledge in
rainforest ecosystems?
5. Release of water through leaf surface is
called ________.
6. Square stem…strong smell = ________
7. Trees can either be flower producing or
_____ producing.
Plant Jeopardy – Easy questions
1. Products of photosynthesis? Sugar and O2
2. This transports water in a plant – xylem
3. Define ethnobotany. Study of how plants
are used in a community
4. What is causing loss of knowledge in
rainforest ecosystems? Old age of Shaman
and forest destruction
5. Release of water through leaf surface is
called _transpiration_______.
6. Square stem…strong smell = _Mints_
7. Trees can either be flower producing or
_cone___ producing.
Medium Level
1.
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8.
9.
What does chromotography do?
What is the stomata of a leaf?
What controls the stomata?
Functions of the roots?
Name two things that we eat that are
roots….stems….and leaves.
Where does cell division occur in plants?
What plants are cultivated in Mexico?
Contrast phloem and xylem cells.
Contrast wind vs. insect pollinated flowers.
Medium Level
1. What does chromotography do? Separates
pigments by mass
2. What is the stomata of a leaf? Pore to
release water
3. What controls the stomata? Guard cells
4. Functions of the roots? Anchor, food storage,
asexual reproduction, absorb water and nuts.
5. Name two things that we eat that are
roots….stems….and leaves.
Carrot, beet, turnip
asparagus, broccoli,
cauliflower, potato
cabbage, lettuce, onion
Medium Level
6. Where does cell division occur in plants?
Apical meristem and lateral meristem
7. What plants are cultivated in Mexico?
Maize, chilis, gourds, beans, avocado
8. Contrast xylem and phloemcells. Carries
water up the plant, carries sugars from the
leaves to other parts of the plant
9. Contrast wind vs. insect pollinated flowers.
Small, dull with no scent, larger, showy and
fragrant
Difficult Questions…
1. What was the evidence of farming 7000-5000
BC?
2. What does domestication mean?
3. What do tree rings tell us?
4. What are the functions of the leaf?
5. Give the basic chemical reaction of
photosynthesis.
6. The fruit of a maple tree is called a ___.
7. Name three grains that are on the list of top
food crops harvested by weight.
Difficult Questions…
1. What was the evidence of farming 7000-5000
BC? Permanent shelters and cultivated fields
2. What does domestication mean? Plant or
animal requires human involvement to
maintain its current form
3. What do tree rings tell us? Past weather
conditions, Age
4. What are the functions of the leaf?
Photosynthesis, asexual reproduction, food
storage
Difficult Questions…
1. Give the basic chemical reaction of
photosynthesis. CO2 + H2O
C6H12O6 + O2
2. The fruit of a maple tree is called a
samara___.
3. Name three grains that are on the list of top
food crops harvested by weight. Maize, rice,
wheat, sugar cane
TEST QUESTIONS
#3. Fill In
A
#4