Transcript angiosperm families 01

ANGIOSPERM FAMILIES 01
FAGACEAE
THE BEECH FAMILY
FAGACEAE
THE BEECH FAMILY
• Trees or shrubs
• Cosmopolitan except in tropical S America and
tropical and south Africa
• About 900 species world wide
• Five genera and about 97 species in N America
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Fagus – beech
Castanea – chestnut
Lithocarpus – tanoak
Chrysolepis – western chinkapin
Quercus - oaks
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FAMILY
• HABIT: mostly trees; shrubs.
• LEAVES: deciduous or marscecent; alternate,
simple; stipulate.
• VENATION: pinnate and netted.
• FRUIT: 1-3 seeded nuts partially or completely
surrounded by a spiny husk.
• SPECIES HYBRIDS are common.
DETAILS OF THE FLOWER
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Usually anemophilous, rarely entomophilous.
Unisexual (monoecious; imperfect).
Sepals lobed and often spiny;
Petals absent;
Staminate flowers in catkins; in Fagus forming
a head; 4-8 stamens; pendent or erect;
• Pistillate flowers in groups of 3, 2 or single.
GENUS QUERCUS L.
• LEAVES: deciduous or persistent; lobed or not;
margin entire, crenate or serrate; shape and
size very variable even on the same tree;
stipules usually deciduous.
• FLOWERS: imperfect; appearing before, with
or after the new growth leaves; staminate
flowers in catkins; pistillate flowers solitary or
in flower spikes.
GENUS QUERCUS cont.
• FRUIT: an acorn maturing in one or two
seasons.
• TWIGS: stout to slender; commonly angled;
straight; buds clustered at the end; terminal
bud present with many scales imbricated in 5
ranks; lateral buds similar but smaller.
• SCARS: leaf scars semicircular; bundle scars
scattered, numerous
QUERCUS
OAKS sp.
INFRAGENERIC CLASSIFICATION
• SUBGENUS QUERCUS (Lucobalanus) white oaks
Section Quercus
Leaves lobed lacking bristles at the tip of the
lobes; usually with stellate hairs on the
underside (adaxial side) and lacking
multiradiate hairs; acorns mature in one
season.
True white oaks, chestnut oaks and live oaks.
INFRAGENERIC CLASSIFICATION
• SUBGENUS QUERCUS (Erythrobalanus)
red and black oaks
Section Lobatae
Tips of lobes with bristles; if unlobed, the
margins, apices or both with spines or bristles;
with multiradiate hairs, lacking stellate hairs;
acorns maturing in two seasons
INFRAGENERIC CLASSIFICATION
• SUBGENUS QUERCUS
Section Protobalanus the intermediate oaks
Leaves persistent often with aristate teeth;
stellate or multiradiate hairs present; acorns
maturing in two seasons
QUERCUS FLOWERS
Catkins or aments; male
Dichasium; female
QUERCUS MACROCARPA
Burr oak
QUERCUS MACROCARPA
BURR OAK
LEAF COMPARISON
WHITE OAK LEAVE
RED OAK LEAVES
TRICHOMES OR HAIRS
MULTIRADIATE HAIRS
STELLATE HAIR
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF OAKS
• Major supplier of timber in N America after
conifers.
• Cork from two S European species.
• Tannins
• Acorns are a major source of food for wildlife.
• Popular ornamentals and park species.
FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA
American beech
GENUS FAGUS L.
• LEAVES: deciduous; elliptical to oblong-ovate;
margin serrate with incurved teeth; apex
acuminate; base broadly cuneate; surfaces
silky at first, becoming glabrous above and
various degrees of puberulent below with
tufts of hairs in the vein axils.
• VENATION: secondary veins parallel to each
other.
• PETIOLE: short
GENUS FAGUS L. cont.
• FLOWERS: appearing after unfolding of new
leaves in the spring; staminate flowers
clustered in a globose head; pistillate flowers
in 2 to 4 flowered spikes surrounded by a
cupule.
• FRUIT: an edible nut, triangular in cross
section; in pairs or in threes within a cupule
covered with weak spines.
GENUS FAGUS L. cont.
• TWIGS: slender, in zigzag; pseudoterminal
buds ¾ to 1 inch long; slender, lanceolate,
sharp; covered with imbricating scales; lateral
buds similar.
• SCARS: leaf scars small, inconspicuous.
• BARK: smooth, bluish-gray, mottled.
FAGUS SYLVATICA
European beech
Male flowers
Female flower
FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA
Beech nuts
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF FAGUS
• European beech is an important timber tree of
Europe.
• Beech nuts are used in Europe to fatten hogs
and produce oil.
• An important ornamental tree with many
cultivar varieties.
CASTANEA DENTATA
American chestnut
CASTANEA sp.
chestnut
Castanea sativa; female
Castanea mollisima; male
CASTANEA DENTATA
American chestnut
CHRYSOLEPIS CHRYSOPHILLA
Giant-golden chinkapin
CHRYSOLEPIS CHRYSOPHILLA
Giant-golden chinkapin
LISOCARPUS DENSIFLORUS
Tanoak
LISOCARPUS DENSIFLORUS
Tanoak
REFERENCES
• FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id
=1&taxon_id=10338
• FLORA OF MISSOURI
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id
=11&taxon_id=10338