Transcript Honors Biology Module 14 Plants Part 2

Honors Biology
April 3, 2014
Module 14
Kingdom Plantae: Anatomy and
Classification, Part 2
Lab books
If you have missing assignments, see me
after class.
April 3, 2014
Identify the major parts of a leaf:
Quiz 25
April 3, 2014
Quiz 25
Identify the leaf mosaics in these pictures:
A.
B.
C.
Determine the venation of the
following leaves:
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Major Leaf Parts
A.
B.
C.
Determine the venation of the
following leaves:
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Leaf Color
We know that most leaves are green because they
contain chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a “pigment”,
but its real job is to absorb sunlight for
photosynthesis.
Plants cells also contain plastids. They hold
pigments as well that contain starches and oils.
Carotenoids are pigments that are what color?
Besides carrots and pumpkins…
Most leaves have carotenoids as well. In
most leaves, the green color of chlorophyll
overwhelms the oranges and yellows.
Another set of pigments are
Anthocyanins
Depending on the PH of the leaf tissue, will
yield different colors.
Review Experiment 14.2 . We will not be
performing this in class today. However, it
will give you a better understanding of PH
and leaf color.
(Pages 439-442)
Roots
Roots perform three very important functions:
1. Roots absorb water and nutrients from the
plant’s surroundings and transport them to
where they are need.
2. Roots anchor the plant.
3. Roots are often used as a place for food
storage. (Carrots)
Most roots grow under the
ground, however we see
epiphytic roots of orchids
that wind around a branch.
Some plants have roots that grow under
ground and also send out aerial roots that
allow it to cling to branches that it winds
around.
Roots
Parasitic plants sink their roots
into a host plant. These roots
steal the nutrients that the host
has absorbed. (mistletoe)
Other plants, have roots
that hold them to rough
surfaces like brick walls
or rough tree bark. (Ivy)
There are 2 kinds of Root systems
in plants: (Figure 14.9)
1. Fibrous root system
2. Taproot
When a seed begins to sprout,
the first root you see is a
primary root. If the primary
root continues to grow and stays the main root, the
plant has a taproot system. The carrot is the
primary root, and it continues to grow as the plants
main root.
Fibrous Roots
The primary root begins branching and
branching until the root system looks like
an underground “bush”.
Plants need
Significantly more surface area in their root system
than in their leaves.
The root systems of most plants are significantly
larger than the part of the plant that exists above
the soil.
Corn usually reaches 8-10 feet
High. The fibrous system if
Attached end to end would
reach 150 feet.
The roots of Trees are generally
5-10 times longer than the tree
is tall.
Longitudinal Cross Section of a
Primary Root: Figure 14.10
The 4 parts of a plant root:
1. Root cap: Dead, thick walled cells. It protects the
root as it shoves its way down into the soil.
2. Meristematic Region: undifferentiated cells carry
on mitosis. Most of the growth takes place.
3. Elongation Region: cells are beginning to
differentiate into specific kinds of cells. They
stretch out filling their central vacuoles with water.
4. Maturation Region: Cells are fully differentiated.
Root hairs are contained here allowing it to absorb
more water and nutrients from the soil.
A lateral cross section of the
Maturation Region: Figure 14.11
Find:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Epidermis
Cortex
Endodermis
Vascular chamber
Xylem
Phloem
Stems: Figure 14.12
Find:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Epidermis
Cortex
Xylem
Phloem
Pith
Fibrovascular bundle
Air space
Vascular cambium
Woody Stems: Figure 14.13
Woody stems are different from herbaceous
stems, as can be seen.
1. Bark (inner and outer bark)
2. Cork cambium: This layer continually
produces cork cells.
These cork cells die quickly are impenetrable
to water, gases, and most parasites. They
form the outer bark.
Last week we looked at growth
Rings….
Page 448, Paragraph 4
The Sex Lives of Nonvascular
Plants: Alternation of Generation
Dr Wile’s CD
http://youtu.be/iWaX97p6y9U
Plant Nutrition and Transport
http://youtu.be/bsY8j8f54I0
Experiment 14.3
Cross Sections of Roots, Stems,
and a leaf
April 3, 2014
(page 449-451)
Objective: To observe the microscopic
structure of a leaf and to compare the
microscopic structures of monocots and
dicots stems and roots.
Homework
Complete OYO questions
Complete Study Guide Questions
Finish Experiment 14.3 in your lab book
Take Module 14 Test
Begin reading Module 15: pages 463-478
Quiz: Plant Cell identification (from Lab)