Transcript Chapter 16 Section 1 Earth`s Atmosphere

Earth’s Atmosphere
air that forms a
- a thin layer of ______
protective
______________
covering around the planet
cool and nights ________
warm
-keeps day ______
- protects life-forms from some of the
Sun’s harmful rays
_________
Earth’s surface
-start = ___________________
outer space
- end = ________________
- made mostly of __________
nitrogen and
oxygen
__________
The Ozone Layer
- formed when living organisms released
____________
into the atmosphere
oxygen
Earth
- protects _________
from Sun’s harmful rays
atmosphere
formed in upper _______________
green plants
- allowed ________________
to flourish and
oxygen
release more __________
Gases in the Atmosphere
78
-nitrogen ____%
21
- oxygen ____%
4
- water vapor- up to ___%
0.93
- argon _____%
- carbon dioxide 0.03
____%
Solids in the Atmosphere
dust carried by wind
- ______
salt from ocean spray
- ______
pollen from plants
- ________
Liquids in the Atmosphere
volcanoes
- liquid from erupting ____________
Human Effects
exhaust mixes with chemicals and
- car __________
smog
form ________
carbon dioxide
- burning fuel releases _________________
Layers of the Atmosphere
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
troposphere
_______________
stratosphere
_______________
mesosphere
_______________
thermosphere
_______________
exosphere
_______________
Mesosphere:
-top of stratosphere to 85 km
- “meso” means middle
- shooting stars happen here
- temperatures decrease as you get higher
- many meteors disintegrate here
Stratosphere:
-extends from 10- 50 km
- contains ozone layer
- temperatures are higher in the upper portion because of ozone molecules
- weather balloons float here
Troposphere:
- 99% of water vapor
-75% of atmospheric gases
- eat, play, and, live here
- rain, snow, and clouds
- extends up to 10 km (6 miles)
- warmed by heat from Earth’s surface
- most clouds and weather form here
Outer Space
Exosphere:
- space shuttle orbits here
-few air molecules here
- high temperatures
- 500 km to outer space
- “exo” means outer
Thermosphere:
-“hot layer”
- thickest layer
- 85 – 400 km
- high temperatures because first layers to receive Sun’s rays
- contains ionosphere- causes radio waves to bounce back to Earth
- aurora borealis located here (northern lights)
Ionosphere
-In the thermosphere
- stretches from 90km to 300 km
- layer of electrically charged particles
- allows radio waves to travel
(better/farther at night)
Air Pressure
-Force exerted on an area by air molecules
- more air pressure closer to Earth’s surface
because the air molecules are packed closer
together
- in higher altitudes, the air molecules spread
farther apart so it is hard to breathe
-Measured with a barometer
-Pressing with about 14.7 pounds per square
inch
Temperature
-Temperature varies in the different layers of
the atmosphere because some layers easily
absorb the Sun’s rays and some do not
-Air temperature decreases about 6.5°C for
every kilometer you climb
The Ozone Layer
-located in the stratosphere (19km- 48km)
-made of 3 oxygen atoms (we breathe O₂)
-protects living organisms from getting too
much UV radiation from the sun
The Ozone Layer Hole
-located over Antarctica (South Pole)
-created by CFC pollution
-open between September and November
-it is shrinking because of awareness of the
problem
http://Ozone Watch
Ozone Destruction
-CFCs are released into the atmosphere
-Chlorine breaks away from the CFC and
attacks an ozone molecule
-The ozone molecule breaks apart forming an
O₂ molecule
-Chlorine keeps attacking more ozone and O₂
molecules