Transcript earth`s atmosphere - Ashland Independent Schools

EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
EARLY ATMOSPHERE
• PRODUCED BY ERUPTING
VOLCANOES
• CONTAINED NITROGEN AND
CARBON DIOXIDE
• EARLY ORGANISMS RELEASED
OXYGEN
TODAY’S ATMOSPHERE
• NITROGEN – 78%
• OXYGEN – 21%
• OTHER GASES – 1%
• WATER VAPOR – UP TO 4%
• DUST, POLLEN, AND SALT
TROPOSPHERE
• THE LOWEST LAYER OF THE
ATMOSPHERE.
• CONTAINS 99% OF THE
ATMOSPHERES WATER VAPOR.
• CONTAINS 75% OF THE
ATMOSPHERES GASES.
• EXTENDS UP TO 10 KILOMETERS
ABOVE THE EARTH
STRATOSPHERE
• EXTENDS FROM 10 KM – 50 KM
ABOVE THE EARTH.
• CONTAINS THE GAS OZONE.
MESOSPHERE
• EXTENDS FROM 50 KM – 85 KM.
• CONTAINS PART OF THE
IONOSPHERE.
THERMOSPHERE
• EXTENDS BETWEEN 85 KM – 500 KM
ABOVE THE EARTH.
• THE THICKEST LAYER IN THE
ATMOSPHERE.
• HAS HIGH TEMPERATURES
• ALSO CONTAINS PART OF THE
IONOSPHERE
EXOSPHERE
• THE LAST LAYER.
• WHERE THE SPACE SHUTTLE FLIES.
• IT HAS FEW MOLECULES.
• OUTER SPACE IS BEYOND THE
EXOSPHERE.
IONOSPHERE
• A LAYER OF ELECTRICALLY
CHARGED PARTICLES.
• DURING THE DAY SUN ENERGY
INTERACTS AND ABSORBS AM
FREQUENCIES.
• AT NIGHT, AM TRANSMISSIONS
CAN TRAVEL GREAT DISTANCES.
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
• GRAVITY PULLS GASES TOWARDS
THE EARTH’S SURFACE.
• THE AIR IS DENSER AS IT GETS
CLOSER TO THE EARTH.
• MORE FORCE OR PRESSURE IS
FELT NEARER THE EARTH.
TEMPERATURE
• THE EARTH’S SURFACE WARMS
UP THE TROPOSPHERE.
• AS YOU CLIMB HIGHER IT GETS
COOLER.
• OZONE MOLECULES ABSORB THE
SUN’S ENERGY AND RAISES THE
STRATOSPHERE TEMPERATURE
AS IT GOES HIGHER
TEMPERATURE
• THE TEMPERATURE GOES DOWN
THROUGH THE MESOSPHERE.
• THERMOSPHERE AND EXOSPHERE
TEMPERATURES GO UP THE FARTHER
YOU GO.
OZONE LAYER
• IN THE STRATOSPHERE.
• MADE OF 3 OXYGEN ATOMS
TOGETHER.
• SHIELDS US FROM THE SUN’S
HARMFUL RAYS (ULTRAVIOLET).
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
(CFCs)
• CHEMICALS USED IN
REFRIGERATORS, AIR
CONDITIONERS, FOAM PACKAGING,
AND HAIR SPRAYS.
• BLAMED FOR DESTROYING THE
OZONE.
EXOSPHERE
THERMOSPHERE
MESOSPHERE
STRATOSPHERE
TROPOSPHERE
ENERGY TRANSFER IN
THE ATMOSPHERE
CONDUCTION
CONVECTION
RADIATION
CONDUCTION
• THE TRANSFER OF ENERGY FROM
ONE MOLECULE TO ANOTHER.
• THE TRANSFER HAPPENS WHEN
THE MOLECULES HIT AGAINST
EACH OTHER
• TAKES PLACE IN SOLID, LIQUIDS,
AND GASES BUT WORKS BEST IN
MATERIALS WITH SIMPLE
MOLECULES LIKE METAL
CONVECTION
• THE MOVEMENT OF HEAT BY A
LIQUID OR A GAS.
• THE LIQUID OR GAS CARRY THE
HEAT WITH IT AS IT MOVES.
• THE MOVEMENT OF A MASS OF
HEATED WATER OR AIR IS
CALLED A CURRENT.
RADIATION
• THE TRANSFER OF HEAT BY
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.
• WHEN WE FEEL THE HEAT FROM
THE SUN OR AROUND LIGHT
BULBS, IRONS, OR THE OVEN.
THE WATER CYCLE
• SUN ENERGY CAUSES THE
EVAPORATION OF WATER
WATER + HEAT FROM SUN = GAS
IF THE WATER VAPOR IN THE
ATMOSPHERE COOLS IT
CHANGES BACK TO A LIQUID
WHICH IS CONDENSATION
WATER VAPOR + COOL AIR =
LIQUID
HYDROSPHERE
• ALL OF THE WATERS OF THE EARTH
CONDENSATION
WHEN WATER VAPOR IN THE
ATMOSPHERE COOLS ENOUGH
IT CHANGES BACK TO LIQUID.
CLIMATES OF THE
WORLD
• THE CLIMATES OF AN AREA ARE
CLASSIFIED BASED ON THE
ANNUAL AND MONTHLY AVERAGES
OF TEMPERATURE AND
PRECIPITATION, WHICH IS
AFFECTED BY THE WATER CYCLE.
WIND
• WHEN WARMER AIR EXPANDS IT
LOWERS IN DENSITY.
• COLDER AIR HAS A HIGHER
PRESSURE AND MOVES INTO THE
LOWER PRESSURE AREAS
CREATING WIND.
HEATED AIR
• BECAUSE THE EARTH IS CURVED
EVERY AREA DOES NOT RECEIVE
THE SAME AMOUNT OF
SUNLIGHT.
• THE AIR AT THE EQUATOR IS
LESS DENSE AND IS DISPLACED
BY COLDER AIR CREATING
CONVECTION CURRENTS.
CORIOLIS EFFECT
• THE ROTATION OF EARTH CAUSES
MOVING AIR AND WATER TO APPEAR
TO TURN.
• NORTH OF THE EQUATOR IT TURNS
RIGHT.
• SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR IT TURNS
LEFT.
SURFACE WINDS
•
•
•
•
TRADE WINDS
WESTERLIES
POLAR EASTERLIES
EQUALATORAL DOLDRUMS
JET STREAM
• STRONG WINDS NEAR THE TOP OF
THE TROPOSPHERE.
• MOVE STORMS ACROSS THE
COUNTRY.
• PILOTS USE THE JET STREAM TO
SAVE TIME AND FUEL WHEN FLYING
EAST.
SEA BREEZE
• CREATED DURING THE DAY WHEN
SOLAR RADIATION WARMS THE
LAND MORE THAN THE SEA.
• THE COOLER AIR OVER THE SEA
BLOWS TOWARD THE LAND.
LAND BREEZE
• AT NIGHT THE AIR OVER LAND
COOLS FASTER THAN THAT OVER
WATER.
• MOVEMENT OF AIR TOWARD THE
SEA FROM THE LAND.
QUESTIONS?