Transcript Two Types of Geography

Physical Geography
FACTORS THAT
AFFECT CLIMATE
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LACEMOPS
Weather –
The daily condition of the
atmosphere which includes
temperature and precipitation.
Precipitation Moisture that falls from the sky.
Precipitation has 4 forms: rain,
snow, sleet, and hail.
http://www.mnh.si.edu/archives/garden/images/4seasons.gif
Climate Average weather. Measured
over an extended period of
time (usually 30 years).
L - LATITUDE - The most important factor!
The farther from the Equator - the colder and drier it becomes.
Direct rays of the sun are always between the Tropics. Areas
not in the tropics receive indirect sun rays.
A - AIR MASSES
In the Northern
Hemisphere, cold air
from the Polar
Regions comes from
the north. Hot air
from the tropics
comes from the south,
Mountains to the
north of a city could
block the cold air from
reaching the city.
(opposite in the
Southern
Hemisphere).
C - CONTINENTALITY
Water moderates climate. Water takes longer to heat and cool
than land. Areas inland from the coast will be hotter in the
summer and colder in the winter than areas with the same
latitude on the coast.
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E - ELEVATION It gets colder as you go up a mountain. The
formula for vertical climate is: Temperature decreases 3.5º F for
every 1,000 feet increase in elevation (the opposite is also true).
You can work out the temperature at the top of a tall mountain.
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It is 75º at the base of a 15,000 ft. tall mountain. What is the temperature
on top of the mountain?
First, count the
thousands…
(15,000)
Second,
multiply that
number by
3.5…
Third,
Subtract that
number from the
temperature at
the base to get
the answer…
3.5° (from formula)
X 15 (how many thousands of feet the mountain is tall)
52.5° (how much colder at the top than the bottom)
75° (temperature at bottom)
- 52.5° (how much colder at the top)
22.5 ° (temperature at the top)  Answer
M - MOUNTAIN BARRIERS
Orographic effect:
Wind containing moisture hits the
windward side of a mountain (the
side facing the wind).
Moisture-full clouds are too heavy to
get over the mountain so precipitation
occurs, after they’re empty, they are
able to rise over the mountain.
The side facing away from the wind is
called the leeward side. The leeward
side of a mountain is arid.
The windward side has lush
vegetation.
The leeward side of a mountain is in
the rain shadow and is usually a
desert.
O - OCEAN CURRENTS
Cold currents bring dry, cool air to the coastal areas.
Warm currents bring warm, wet air to coastal areas.
http://go.owu.edu/~jbkrygie/krygier_html/geog_111/geog_111_lo/geog_111_lo05_gr/3-16.jpg
P - PRESSURE AND PREVAILING WINDS:
Pressure
High pressure is
heavy, cold air. Low
pressure is warm,
light air.
Heat rises. There
are some fairly
constant air
pressure systems.
Notice that these lines are located at
0, 30, 60, 90 (not 0, 23 ½, 66 ½, and 90)
Prevailing Winds
The Equator is surrounded by
an area of calm called the
Doldrums (ITCZ).
The Trade Winds (Tropical
Easterlies) blow from east to
west (generally warm and
moist).
Westerlies (Prevailing
Westerlies). They blow from
west to east.
The Polar Easterlies blow from
90º in an eastward direction
toward the Westerlies. There
are serious thunderstorms
Notice that these lines are
around the 60º latitude line
located at 0, 30, 60, 90 (not 0, 23
where the two wind patterns
collide
½, 66 ½, and 90)
http://www.worldstats.org/general_world/maps/prevailing_winds_big.gif
S - STORMS
Where the Polar
Easterlies meet the
Westerlies there are
thunderstorms.
When hot air masses
and cold air masses
collide - there are storms.
Cyclonic storms
(hurricanes, typhoons,
etc.) in the Northern
Hemisphere spin
counter-clockwise.
In the Southern
Hemisphere cyclones
spin clockwise.