Transcript Slide 1

Transport of Asian Dust to the
Mid-Atlantic United States:
Lidar, satellite observations and PM2.5 speciation.
Rubén Delgado,
Sergio DeSouza-Machado
Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology
University of Maryland, Baltimore County
Baltimore, MD
CREST Lidar Network (CLN)
Comprised of 4 lidar facilities partially supported by
NOAA’s Office of Education Educational Partnership Program
Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology Center.
•City College of New York (2004)
New York City, NY
•Univ. of MD, Baltimore County (2001)
Catonsville/Baltimore, MD
•Hampton University (2008)
Hampton, VA
•Univ. Of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez (2008)
Mayagüez, PR
UMBC Monitoring of Atmospheric Pollution
(UMAP)
•Remote sensing studies of the atmosphere with lidar
measurements to determine the vertical distribution of aerosols
(natural and anthropogenic) and gases.
•Lidar activities at UMBC support NOAA CREST Lidar Network,
WMO-GALION, Maryland’s Department of the Environment and
Energy Administration, NOAA and NASA satellite cal/val efforts.
•Understanding optical, chemical and physical properties of
atmospheric aerosols and lower troposphere atmospheric
dynamics.
•The integration of measurements of atmospheric aerosol
properties contribute to an operational service in support of policy
issues on air quality, energy, and climate change .
Profiling Air Quality over Baltimore
UMBC Monitoring of Atmospheric Pollution (UMAP)
http://alg.umbc.edu/umap
Lidar (light detection and ranging)
Atmosphere
Smoke, Haze, Dust,
Clouds, Aerosols
14” SchmidtCassegrain
Telescope
Nd:YAG
532, 1064 nm
Transmitter
APD
PMT
Receiver
Trans-Pacific transport of Asian Dust
•Transport triggered by warm conveyor belts over eastern Asia
[Eckhardt e. al., 2004].
•Strong winds, associated to frontal activity, provide a mechanism of
injection of soil (sand) from the Gobi and Taklimakan deserts into
troposphere [Merrill et al., 1989].
•Asian dust contributes 0.2-1.0 µg m-3 of the total PM2.5 mass
concentration in North America, with higher frequency of transport
during spring (March-May) [VanCuren and Cahill, 2002].
•Dust particles affect the concentration of gaseous pollutants and
secondary aerosols components by acting as condensation surfaces
and catalysts in heterogeneous reactions [Dentener et al., 1996;
Wang et al., 2007].
Air Quality: Pollutant Transport to Maryland
• Difficult to apportion impact of long-range vs. local emissions.
Determination of sources contributing to local pollution.
• Atmospheric and pollution dynamics aloft are missed by surface
instruments. Insight to processes influencing the fate of pollutants in
the atmosphere.
• Aloft transport is important during pollution events: pollutants aloft
mix down increasing surface concentrations.
• Lidar allows real-time monitoring of the evolution of pollutants and
their role during air quality events.
PM2.5 in Baltimore
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/detaildata/downloadaqsdata.htm
Dust-storm NW China MODIS
Feb.24 to Mar.6 , 2012 (10-day)
AERONET SSA (March 6,
2012)
CCNY:
Urban Aerosol (AM)
Smoke (PM)
UMBC and HU:
Urban Aerosol (AM)
Dust/Smoke (PM)
GOES-AOD: Spatial-temporal variation of AOD (AOD 0.1 – 0.4)
15:45 UTC
17:45 UTC
19:45 UTC
21:45 UTC
OMI Aerosol Index
*O. Torres NASA GSFC
AIRS Infrared Dust Flag Product April 2006
Date
Date
*DeSouza-Machado et al., GRL, 33, L03801, 2006.
Date
Angstrom Exponent
Small Exp.= Coarse/Large Particles
Single Scattering Albedo
Positive Slope = dust
IMPROVE Aerosol Monitoring Network
Ca: April 20, 2006
Baltimore
PM2.5
Apr 17
5.10
Apr 20
4.83
Apr 23
9.37
PM10
12.20
16.70
12.90
PM coarse
7.10
11.87
3.53
PM2.5 dust
0.97
1.81
0.53
Ca
0.06
0.14
0.03
PM2.5 dust = 2.2[Al] + 2.49[Si] + 1.63[Ca] + 2.42 [Fe] + 1.94[Ti].
Malm et al., J. Geophys. Res. 1994, 99, 1347–1370.
Boundary Layer Particle Pollution
AOD Contribution
UMBC March 6, 2012
No Intrusion of Dust
PBL AOD ~ 43% (20-66 %)
UMBC April 20, 2006
Before Dust Intrusion PBL AOD ~ 43%
After Dust Intrusion PBL AOD ~ 83%
Summary
•Vertical and temporal resolution of lidar aids to assess the impact
of long range transport of natural and anthropogenic aerosols to
local air quality.
•Lidar + real time ground monitoring of pollutants:
characterization of temporal and spatial changes of particle
pollution, oxidants, and precursors.
•Spring (March-May) Asian dust contribution ~17% (6-37%) of
PM2.5 mass concentration in Baltimore.
•Dust contribution to column AOD ~ 47% (15-89%).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
NOAA/Office of Education
Educational Partnership Program
Maryland Department of the Environment
Maryland Energy Administration
Smog Blog: http://alg.umbc.edu/usaq
UMAP: http://alg.umbc.edu/umap
*The statements contained within the manuscript are not the opinions
of the funding agency or the U.S. government, but reflect the author’s
opinions.
PBLH Algorithms
• Lidar and wind profilers PBL height provide continuous temporal resolution atmospheric
profiles for verification and validation of forecasts and models, on whether the physics and
dynamics packages are correct in models.
*Compton et al. (2013), J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., doi:10.1175/JTECHD-12-00116.1
April 2010-Dust Taklimakan Desert
NASA-MODIS
Apr. 9,2010
CALIPSO April 17, 2010 07:30 UTC
Madison, WI
http://lidar.ssec.wisc.edu/
CALIPSO April 19, 2010 06:00 UTC
Hampton, VA
*P.B. Russell et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1155-1169, 2010