Transcript How do plants grow?

Why do humans need food?
The body needs a diet containing protein,
carbohydrate, fats and vitamins and minerals
to be healthy.
Humans can survive for a few weeks without
food but being hungry can make us feel tired,
weak and grumpy.
We need food to give us energy, to help us to grow, to keep us strong, to fight illness
and to help our body repair itself. Different kinds of foods give us types of different
nutrients, each with a specific function. We need a balanced diet to make sure we get
all the nutrients we need.
Respiration is the process by which the body turns food into energy.
Not having enough or the right balance of foods
and nutrients can be very unhealthy.
This is called malnutrition
A strategic health initiative from Project HOPE UK
Protein
Carbohydrate
Fat
Proteins contain the building
blocks we need to help our body
repair itself. We can find protein
in lots of foods including eggs,
cheese, nuts, meat and fish.
Carbohydrates provide the body
with energy, helping us to be
active during the day. We find
carbohydrates in foods such as
rice, bread, cereal and pasta.
Fat also provides the body with
energy. Fat is stored under the
skin, helping to keep us warm. We
find fat in chocolate, meat, nuts
and foods cooked in oil.
Vitamins
Minerals
Fibre
Vitamins are small compounds that
are essential for the body to keep
it healthy. Some vitamins cannot
be stored by the body and so we
need to eat a source of these
every day. Fruit and vegetables
are good sources of vitamins.
Minerals are also needed to keep
the body healthy. Minerals like
calcium keep our teeth and bones
strong; iron is needed to make red
blood cells. We find minerals in
fruit, vegetables, meat, fish and
dairy products.
Fibre is needed to help our bodies
digest our food properly. We can
find fibre in foods like cereals,
nuts, pulses, vegetables and the
skins of fruits. We should try to
eat whole-wheat bread and cereals
as they contain more fibre.
A balanced diet should contain all the nutrients we need to be healthy.
A strategic health initiative from Project HOPE UK
A balanced diet
Can you see your favourite foods on
the balanced diet plate?
We need a small amount of fat to be healthy. Try to choose
healthier fats in things like nuts, fish and olive oil.
Dairy products like milk, cheese and
yoghurt are good sources of protein
and minerals like calcium, which is
good for our teeth and bones
Fat
Dairy
Beans, lentils, meat and
fish are good sources of
protein. Protein is
essential for the body to
helps us grow and stay
strong.
Carbohydrates
Starchy foods like bread,
pasta, rice, cereals and
potatoes should make up
around 1/3 of our diet. These
foods give us lots of energy.
You should choose brown
bread, pasta and rice and
whole wheat cereal as it
contains more fibre. Fibre
helps to keep our digestive
system healthy.
Protein
Sweets, cakes, crisps
and fizzy drinks contain
high levels of fat and
sugar which are bad for
us. These should be an
occasional treat.
We should drink 6-8
glasses of water a day
Fruits and vegetables should make
up around 1/3 of our diet. This can
include frozen, tinned, juiced or
dried fruits and vegetables. Try to
eat 5 portions a day.
Fruits and Vegetables
A strategic health initiative from Project HOPE UK
Which nutrients are in some
of our favourite foods?
Carrots contain lots of
vitamin A.
Meats like chicken contain
lots of vitamin B.
Vitamin A is important for
the health of our eyes. It
also boosts our immune
system.
Vitamin B is used by the
body to make red blood cells.
It is also important for
releasing energy from our
food.
lots
A strategic health initiative from Project HOPE UK
Strawberries are a great
source of vitamin C.
Vitamin C helps us to
fight infections.
Eggs are a good source of
vitamin D.
Nuts contain
vitamin E.
of
Broccoli contains lots of
vitamin K.
Vitamin D is needed for
healthy teeth and bones.
We also get vitamin D
from sunlight.
Vitamin E protects the
tissues in the body from
damage and keeps red
blood cells healthy.
Vitamin K helps our blood
to clot when we get a cut.
Which nutrients are in some
of our favourite foods?
Dairy products like milk,
cheese and yoghurt are rich
sources of calcium.
Calcium helps our bodies
build strong teeth and bones
Bananas and tomatoes are a
good source of potassium.
Potassium helps our muscles
and our nervous system to
work properly.
A strategic health initiative from Project HOPE UK
Leafy vegetables like spinach
and other foods like beef,
eggs, and even chocolate are
rich in iron.
The body uses iron to
transport oxygen around the
body in the blood.
Beans, peas, nuts and meats
like beef and pork are good
sources of zinc.
Zinc is important for our
immune system and for
healing cuts and grazes.
Energy from our Food
A strategic health initiative from Project HOPE UK
Carbohydrates and fats provide the body with energy. We measure the
amount of energy in food in kilocalories (also known as calories). The more
calories in a piece of food, the more energy it will give our body.
We can compare the energy
content in different foods by
comparing the number of calories
in the same weight of food e.g.
calories per 100g. Foods that give
us a lot of calories are called
“energy-dense” foods.
Strawberries = 33
calories per 100g
Brown bread = 293
calories per 100g
Our bodies use more energy when are active. When we take in more calories
that we use we put on weight. You need around 1600 calories every day.
30 minutes of watching TV =
23 calories burned
30 minutes of walking =
120 calories burned
30 minutes of dancing =
160 calories burned
30 minutes of cycling =
240 calories burned
How many calories?
Can you put these foods in the order of lowest to highest
energy content (number of calories per 100 g)?
A strategic health initiative from Project HOPE UK
Raw carrots =
41 calories per 100 g
Apple =
52 calories per 100 g
Baked potato = 93
calories per 100 g
Vanilla ice cream =
207 calories per 100 g
Cornflakes = 357
calories per 100 g
Crisps = 525
calories per 100 g
Are you surprised by the difference in the calorie content of
different foods?
How many calories?
A strategic health initiative from Project HOPE UK
Can you put these foods in the order of lowest to highest
energy content (number of calories per 100 g)?
Raw carrots =
41 calories per 100 g
Apple =
52 calories per 100 g
Baked potato = 93
calories per 100 g
Vanilla ice cream =
207 calories per 100 g
Cornflakes = 357
calories per 100 g
Crisps = 525
calories per 100 g
Are you surprised by the difference in the calorie content of
different foods?
Malnutrition
A strategic health initiative from Project HOPE UK
Our bodies need a set amount of energy and nutrients
every day to be healthy. The amount of nutrition we
need changes depending on our age, sex and the amount
of activity we do. If we don’t get the nutrition we need
for a long period of time, we can become malnourished.
Malnutrition is a big problem in poorer countries
where families may not have money to buy enough
healthy foods. Malnutrition is particularly a problem
in children. Children who are malnourished are
smaller, weaker, more prone to illness and their bones
and teeth may not grow properly.
Eating too much is also a form of malnutrition.
When we eat more calories than our bodies use,
our body can store these extra calories as fat. If
we do this too often, we can put on weight. Being
too heavy can cause illnesses when we get older.
One way we can make sure our bodies use all of
the calories we eat is to do exercise. When we
exercise, our bodies work harder and use more
energy.