Transcript Weather Unit Foldable - Cole`s Science Pages

Weather Unit Foldable
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Your name
Today's date
Core
Yellow Paper Title
The Atmosphere
• What is the
• The atmosphere is
• What is the function of
• Earth’s atmosphere has
atmosphere?
the atmosphere?
layers of gasses that
surround the Earth.
two main functions: 1st it
contains gas like O2 that
we need to live and 2nd it
traps heat so the water on
the planet remains liquid.
The Atmosphere
• What gases are in the
atmosphere?
Qu i c k T i m e ™ a n d a
d e c o m p re s s o r
a re n e e d e d t o s e e t h i s p i c tu re .
• There are 2 main gases
in the atmosphere
1st Nitrogen 78%
2nd Oxygen 21%.
All other gases make up
the other 1%.
Green
Air Pressure
• What is air Pressure?
• The result of the weight
of a column of air pushing
down on an area.
• What is Barometric
pressure?
Qu i c k T i m e ™ a n d a
d e c o m p re s s o r
a r e n e e d e d to s e e th i s p i c t u r e .
• Changes in the
atmospheric pressure as
shown by a barometer
Air Pressure
• What are the Properties
of air?
• Air has mass, density, and
pressure.
• Altitude/Elevation
• The distance above sea level.
• How does altitude affect
• The higher the altitude the
air pressure and density?
Qu i c k T i m e ™ a n d a
d e c o m p re s s o r
a r e n e e d e d to s e e t h i s p i c t u r e .
(the surface of the ocean)
lower the air pressure and
denisty
• The lower the altitude the
greater the air pressure and
density.
Blue Title
Layers of the Atmosphere
• How many layers are
there in the
atmosphere?
• There are 5 layers, the
troposphere, stratosphere,
mesosphere, thermosphere,
and exosphere,
Layers of the Atmosphere
• Troposphere:
- This is the layer we live in and the smallest layer
– Temperature decreases as altitude increases 140 to 76 degrees F
– All weather happens here
– This is the ONLY layer living things can live in
– 16 km above sea level
Layers of the Atmosphere
Stratosphere:
Temperature increases as altitude increases
from -76 to 32 degrees F
- Ozone layer found here, and weather Balloons
- 50 km above the earth
Layers of the Atmosphere
• Mesosphere:
- Temperature decreases to coldest point 32 to 130 degrees F.
- Meteor Showers
- 50 to 90 km
Layers of the Atmosphere
Thermosphere:
- Temperature increases 2700 degrees F
- Aurora borealis (Northern lights), International
Space Station, Space Shuttle stay in this layer.
- 90 to 500 km from sea level
Layers of the Atmosphere
Exosphere:
- Temperature Increases to 5000 degrees F
- Satellites orbit here
- 500 km + from sea level
Meteorology - is the study of the earths
atmosphere
Orange title
Air Masses and air Fronts
• Air Mass:
• Air always move from
areas of high pressure to
areas of low pressure.
• On the surface of earth
air moves from the poles
to the equator. In high
atmosphere air move to
the poles
• A huge body of air that
has similar temperature,
humidity, and air
Pressure.
• There are 5 types of air
masses classified by
temperature, and
humidity.
•
•
•
•
•
Continental: dry
Maritime: wet
Tropical: warm
Polar: cooled
Artic: Super cold
• The pacific ocean
currents influence the
weather of Utah. How?
Orange Title
Air Masses and Fronts
• What is a Front?
• An area where air
masses meet and
don’t mix.
• There are three main
types of Fronts
• Cold Front
• Warm Front
• Stationary Front
Air Masses and Fronts
• Cold Front: Cold air
moves underneath
warm air, forcing
warm air to rise.
• Usually short violent
storms
• Page 605
Air Masses and Fronts
• Warm Front: Forms
•
when warm less
dense air rises over
cold air.
Precipitation usually
far ahead of the front.
Air Masses and Fronts
• Stationary Front:
happens when a cold
and warm air mass
meet and don’t move.
Orange 2 Title
Weather Factors
• Radiation: the transfer of energy by
electromagnetic waves
• Conduction: heat transferred through a
substance by the direct contact of
molecules.
• Convection Currents: the transfer of heat
by the movement of a heated fluid.
Orange 2 Title
Weather Factors
• Weather is caused by heat energy, moister,
wind, air pressure.
• The ozone layer absorbs powerful ultraviolet
radiation from the sun.
• Green house effect: process by which gases
hold heat in the air. CO2
Orange 2 Title
Weather Factors
• Temperature: the average amount of
energy of motion of the molecules of a
substance.
• Heat: the transfer of energy from a hotter
substance to a cooler one.
El Nino
• El Nino - (El Nee-nyo) is the warming of
water in the Pacific Ocean.
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•
•
•
•
El Nino Weather
Rain and flooding along the Pacific coast
Warm water disrupts food chain of fish, birds, and sea mammals
Tornadoes and thunderstorms in southern US
Fewer than normal hurricanes in the Atlantic
• La Nina - (Lah Nee-Nyah) is the cooling
of water in the Pacific Ocean.
•
•
•
•
•
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La Nina Weather
Snow and rain on the west coast
Unusually cold weather in Alaska
Unusually warm weather in the rest of the USA
Drought in the southwest
Higher than normal number of hurricanes in the Atlantic
Blue Title
Wind
• Wind: the horizontal Movement for air from
an area of high pressure to an area of low
pressure.
• All wind is caused by differences in air
pressure.
• Wind is named by the direction from which
it comes from.
Global Wind Patterns
Blue Title
Wind
• Jet Stream bands of high-speed winds
about 10km above earth’s surface.
• Prevailing Westerlies: mid-latitude, wind
that blow from West to East.
Green Title
Precipitation
•
Precipitation: any form of water that falls from
the clouds and reaches Earth’s surface. (liquid
or solid)
•
There are 5 common types of precipitation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Water
Sleet
Freezing Rain
Hail
snow
Green Title
Precipitation
• Humidity: measure of the amount of water vapor
in the air
• Water vapor: water in the form of a gas
• Moist air is more dense then dry air
• Liquid water in more dense then water vapor
• Warm air holds more water vapor then cold air
Weather vs. climate