Transcript water quality - Washington Coast Sustainable Salmon Partnership

Regional Salmon Plan
January 21, 2009
Forks
Defining
Your
Project
Defining
Your Project
· Project people
· Project scope & focal
targets
Developing
Strategies &
Measures
Using Results to
Adapt & Improve
Implementing
Strategies &
Measures
Regional Salmon Plan
Four Coast Region Lead Entities, Governor’s Salmon Recovery
Office, Makah, Quileute, Hoh, Quinault, Chehalis Tribes,
WDFW, The Wild Fish Conservancy, USFS, USFWS, Green
Crow, Rayonier, Washington Forest Protection Association
The Wild Salmon Center
The Nature Conservancy
Coast Region Salmon Plan
“Scope”
All of Washington’s
watersheds which drain
directly into the Pacific
Ocean between Cape
Flattery in the north and
Cape Disappointment in
the south, together with
their inland, estuarine and
nearshore environments,
lying within all or parts of
Clallam, Jefferson, Grays
Harbor, Pacific, Cowlitz,
Mason, Lewis and
Thurston Counties.
Coast Region Salmon Plan
“Focal Targets”
Lakes
Nearshore
Marine
• Headwaters/Uplands
Tributaries
• Wetland and Off-Channel
• Tributaries
Ocean
Mainstems
• Lakes
• Mainstems
Estuaries
Wetland and
Off-Channel
• Estuaries
• Nearshore Marine
Headwaters/
Uplands
• Ocean
Headwaters/Uplands
All landscape areas within a given drainage from its ridgeline down to 20% gradient, above
Salmonid access
Wetlands and Off-Channel
Everything that salmon can get into that is not a mainstem, tributary, lake, estuary,
nearshore, or ocean
Tributaries
Streams with mean annual flow less than 1,000 cfs to the upper extent of Salmonid access
Lakes
Coast Region Sockeye Lakes: Ozette, Pleasant and Quinault
Mainstems
Rivers and Streams with mean annual flow of 1,000 CFS or greater
(Shorelines of State Significance)
Estuaries
From the head of tide to the outermost headlands separating the estuary from the ocean
Nearshore
The Photic zone up to the ordinary high water line (< 60 ft)
Ocean
Everything waterward of 60 ft.
Target:
Salmon Habitat
Salmon Life
Stages
Key Species
What about the fish?
WetlandsOff Channel
Spawning/Rearing
Juvenile Rearing/Foraging
Juvenile Refugia/Holding
Adult Migration/Staging
Coho, Cutthroat
Coho, Cutthroat
Coho, Cutthroat
Coho, Cutthroat
Tributaries
Spawning/Incubation
Juvenile Rearing/Foraging
Juvenile Outmigration
Adult Migration
Chum, Coho, Sockeye, Chinook, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat
Coho, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat
Chum, Coho, Sockeye, Chinook, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat
Chum, Coho, Sockeye, Chinook, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat
Lakes
Spawning/Incubation
Juvenile Rearing/Foraging
Adult Migration/Staging
Sockeye
Coho, Sockeye
Bull Trout, Sockeye, Steelhead (f/w phenotype), Cutthroat
Mainstems
Spawning/Incubation
Juvenile Rearing/Foraging
Adult migration/staging
Juvenile Outmigration
Chinook, Steelhead
Chinook, Coho, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat
Chinook, Coho, Steelhead, Sockeye, Chum, Bull Trout, Cutthroat
Chinook, Coho, Steelhead, Sockeye, Chum, Bull Trout, Cutthroat
Estuaries
Juvenile Rearing/Foraging
Juvenile Outmigration
Adult Foraging
Adult Migration/Staging
Chum, Chinook, Coho
Chum, Chinook, Coho, Steelhead, Sockeye, Bull Trout, Cutthroat
Bull Trout, Cutthroat
Chum, Coho Chinook, Steelhead, Cutthroat
Nearshore
Juvenile Rearing/Foraging
Adult Migration/Foraging
Chinook, Bull Trout, Cutthroat
Bull Trout, Cutthroat
Ocean
Juvenile Foraging
Adult Foraging
Chinook, Coho, Chum Sockeye Steelhead
Chinook, Coho, Chum Sockeye Steelhead
Defining
Your Project
Developing
Strategies & Measures
·Developing
Target viability
&
·Strategies
Critical threats
· Measures
Situation analysis
Using Results to
Adapt & Improve
· Objectives & actions
· Measures
Implementing
Strategies &
Measures
What is critical for salmon viability or health?
Tributaries
Spawning & Incubation
Water Quality, Riparian Condition, LWD,
Floodplain Connectivity, Sediment Needs,
Water Quantity
What is critical for salmon viability or health?
Tributaries
Spawning & Incubation
Water Quality, Riparian Condition, LWD,
Floodplain Connectivity, Sediment Needs,
Water Quantity
Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity
Tributaries
Water Quality – Temperature
Water Quality - Dissolved Oxygen
Water Quality – Turbidity
Riparian Condition – Buffer Width
Riparian Condition – Condition/Composition
Large Woody Debris
Floodplain Connectivity – Aquatic Types and Conditions
Sediment Needs – Fines and Embeddedness
Sediment Needs – Gravel
Forage Abundance – Macroinvertebrates
Forage Abundance – Marine Derived Nutrients
Abundance – Run Size
Water Quantity – Hyrdrology
Pool Frequency and Quality
Headwaters/Uplands
Water Quality – Temperature
Water Quality - Dissolved Oxygen
Water Quality – Turbidity
Uplands Condition – Buffer Width
Uplands Condition - Condition/Composition
Sediment Needs – Gravel
Water Quantity – Seral Stage
Wetlands
Water Quality – Temperature
Water Quality - Dissolved Oxygen
Water Quality – Turbidity
Riparian Condition – Buffer Width
Riparian Condition - Condition/Composition
Floodplain Connectivity – Habitat Refugia
Sediment Needs – Fines and Embeddedness
In-Water Vegetation – Presence of Native Vegetation Species
Lakes
Water Quality – Temperature
Water Quality - Dissolved Oxygen
Water Quality – Turbidity
Riparian Condition – Buffer Width
Riparian Condition – Condition/Composition
Forage Abundance
Mainstems
Water Quality - Temperature
Water Quality - Dissolved Oxygen
Water Quality – Turbidity
Riparian Condition – Buffer Width
Riparian Condition – Composition
Large Woody Debris
Floodplain Connectivity – Aquatic Types and Conditions
Sediment Needs – Fines and Embeddedness
Abundance – Run Size
Estuaries
Water Quality – Temperature
Water Quality - Dissolved Oxygen
Water Quality – Sediment/Nutrient Inputs
Large Woody Debris
Riparian Condition – Buffer Width
Riparian Condition – Composition
Forage Abundance – Mudflat Productivity
Forage Abundance – Surf Smelt Eggs
Estuarine Extent – Estuarine Quantity
Abundance – Run Size
Nearshore Marine
Water Quality – % Coverage of Eelgrass in reference areas
Water Quality – Available forage in the nearshore
Water Quality – % Coverage of Kelp in reference areas
Ocean
PDO – Annual Trend in the PDO Index
ENSO – MEI (multivariate ENSO index)
Forage Abundance – Annual Copepod Diversity Index
Juvenile Salmon Abundance – Annual June Spring Juvenile Chinook Sampling
– Annual September Juvenile Coho Sampling
Water Quality – Ocean Acidity
What is critical for salmon viability or health?
Tributaries
Spawning & Incubation
Water Quality, Riparian Condition, LWD,
Floodplain Connectivity, Sediment Needs,
Water Quantity
Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity
With a Rating of Current
and Desired Status
Roll-up Chart:
TRIBUTARIES - Streams with mean annual flow less than 1,000 cfs to upper extent of Salmonid access
for: SPAWNING/INCUBATION
Key Species:
CHUM, COHO, SOCKEYE, Chinook, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat
JUVENILE REARING/FORAGING
Key Species:
COHO, STEELHEAD, Bull Trout, Cutthroat
JUVENILE OUTMIGRATION
Key Species:
CHUM, COHO, SOCKEYE, Chinook, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat
ADULT MIGRATION
Key Species:
CHUM, COHO, SOCKEYE, Chinook, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat
Measure:
WATER QUALITY
TEMPERATURE
for most for
sensitive life species:
stage:
FAIR
Moderate
Frequent
# of
exceedanc
exceedanc
es of
es of
˚C &
Chinook temperatu
temperatu
# exceedances Spawn/Incub Steelhead
re
re
per year
Chum standards;
standards;
over 30
typically 7days per
30 days
year.
per year.
mg/L DO &
# days per year
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
Spawn/Incub
below
standards
All
NTUs
(Nephelometric
Turbidity Units)
TURBIDITY
POOR
Spawn/Incub
All
GOOD
VERY GOOD
SCALE
Meets state
standards for
temperature.
Seven day average
of the maximum
Infrequent
daily temperature
exceedances of
does not exceed
temperature
13° C for salmon region
standards; less
spawning, 16° C for
than 7 days per
core summer
year.
salmonid habitat,
and 17.5° C for
salmon spawning,
rearing and
migration.
Meets state
standards for DO.
Moderate
Exceeds 9.5 mg/L
Frequent
# of
for core summer
occurrence
occurrence
Infrequent
salmonid habitat
s of DO
s of DO occurrences of DO
(Bull Trout
below
below
below standards;
spawning and
region
standards;
standards; less than 7 days rearing), 8.0 mg/L
over 30
typically 7per year.
for spawning,
days per
30 days
rearing and
year.
per year.
migration, 6.5
mg/L for salmon
rearing only.
Medium;
turbidity
does not
exceed 10
NTUs over
backgroun
d
concentrat
ions (BC)
High;
when the Low; turbidity does not exceed 5 NTUs
turbidity
BC is 50 over background concentrations (BC)
regularly
NTUs or when the BC is 50 NTUs or less. Or,
exceeds
region
less. Or,
turbidity does not exceed a 10%
water
Desired
status
Current Status
Notes/Source
Very
Good
Centralia Flood Damage
Reduction Project,
Chehalis River,
Washington, Final
Environmental Impact
Statement, Appendix A:
Mostly Good, some Fair
Fish, Riparian, and
to Poor
Wildlife Habitat Study,
June 2003, US Army
Corps of Engineers, and
Chapter 173-201A WAC:
Water quality standards
for surface waters of the
state of Washington.
Very
Good
Centralia Flood Damage
Reduction Project,
Chehalis River,
Washington, Final
Environmental Impact
Statement, Appendix A:
Mostly Good, some Fair
Fish, Riparian, and
to Poor
Wildlife Habitat Study,
June 2003, US Army
Corps of Engineers, and
Chapter 173-201A WAC:
Water quality standards
for surface waters of the
state of Washington.
Very
Good
Centralia Flood Damage
Reduction Project,
Chehalis River,
Washington, Final
Environmental Impact
Statement, Appendix A:
Mostly Good, some Fair
Fish, Riparian, and
to Poor
Wildlife Habitat Study,
Making Endangered Species Act Determinations of Effect for Individual or Grouped
Actions at the Watershed Scale, prepared by the National Marine Fisheries Service
Environmental and Technical Services Division, Habitat Conservation Branch, August
1996, Table 3-3.
Centralia Flood Damage Reduction Project, Chehalis River, Washington, Final
Environmental Impact Statement, Appendix A: Fish, Riparian, and Wildlife Habitat
Study, June 2003, US Army Corps of Engineers.
Pacific Salmon Life History, Edited By C. Groot and L. Margolis, 1991, "Life History of
Sockeye Salmon" by R. Burgner, pp. 41-42.
Forest Practices Habitat Conservation Plan, p. 211, DNR, and Ecosystem
Management Assessment Team Report, p. V-35, USFS, NMFS, BLM, USFWS, NPS, EPA
DOE Water Quality Standards; Chapter 173-201 WAC
Ocean Acidification in Washington, presentation at Ocean Caucus Public Meeting in
Westport, WA, April 17, 2010 by Dr. Adrienne Sutton, NOAA Pacific Marine
Environmental Lab
WCSSP Planning Committee Work Group
HEADWATERS/UPLANDS
LAKES
WETLANDS AND OFF-CHANNEL
TRIBUTARIES
MAINSTEMS
Threats Workshop
September 14, 2010
Ocean Shores Convention Center
Target: TRIBUTARIES
THREAT
SCOPE
SEVERITY
IRREVERSIBILITY COMMENTS
Timber harvest - steep slopes
High
Low
Medium
Development
High
High
High
Invasive species: plants
High
Medium
Medium
Blocking culverts
Very High
Medium
Medium
Roads
High
High
High
Agriculture
High
High
Medium
Historic stream modifications
High
High
High
Irrigation water withdrawal
Medium
High
Medium
Need clarification on "steep." Rules or Regulatory
definition or not.
Low cost; long time.
Severity depends on location.
Question: if this applies, EVERYTHING on these
charts causes Low Abundance
Low anadromous abundance
Very High
Agricultural runoff
Medium
High
Medium
Timber harvest/ riparian areas
High
Medium
Medium
Invasive species: animals
Medium
Medium
Medium
Harvest of salmon
High
Medium
Medium
Climate change
Very High
High
Very High
Poor hatchery practices
High
High
Medium
Need to define "Riparian." Rule or not.
Fundamental difference of opinion - talk to James.
Need to explain relationship between Harvest &
Tribs.
Severity
Scope
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very High
Very High
High
Medium
Low
High
High
High
Medium
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very High
Very High
Very High
Very High
High
High
Very High
High
High
Medium
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Medium
Low
Low
Low
Magnitude x
Irreversibility
Magnitude
Magnitude
Threat Rating
Scope x
Severity
Irreversibility
WA Coast Regional Salmon Action Plan
Version: 2010-10-11
Threat Ratings – Summary Table
Threats \ Targets Mainstems Tributaries
Lakes
Wetlands Headwaters Estuaries Nearshore
Uplands
Marine
Climate Change
Medium
Very High
Very High Very High Very High
Very High
Very High
Invasive Species:
plants
Medium
Medium
High
Very High
Very High
Harvest - fish
Medium
Medium
Very High
Very High
Past poor logging
practices
High
High
High
High
High
Very High Very High
Oil spills
Residential and
Commercial
Development
Medium
High
Medium
Very High High
Very High
Very High
Very High
High
Medium
Very High
Very High
High
Dredging/Filling
Medium
High
Medium
Very High
Very High
Very High
Very High
Stormwater Pollution
Very High
Very High
High
Columbia river sand
starvation/Dredging
Summary
Threat
Rating
Very High
High
Low dissolved oxygen
zones
Wastewater
Ocean
High
High
High
High
Very High
High
High
Medium
High
Critical Threats to Salmon Sustainability
in the Coast Region
Climate Change
Invasive Species
Harvest and Inappropriate Hatchery Management
Poor Logging Practices (past and current)
Oil Spills
Residential and Commercial Development
Dredging/Filling
Removal and/or Lack of Large Woody Debris
Shoreline Modification
(levees, dikes, armoring, bulkheads, docks)
Poor Agricultural Practices
Roads and Related Transportation Infrastructure/
Culverts and Bridges
Stormwater and Wastewater Pollution
QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER FOR SITUATION ANALYSIS DEVELOPMENT
Proposed strategies
Which are the general lines
of action (broad based
course of action or highlevel strategic themes) we
think will significantly
contribute to Salmonid
Restoration in the
Washington Coast Region?
Negative contributing
factors
Which are the most
relevant factors (specific
practices, stakeholders,
incentives and
motivations) contributing
to critical threats?
Positive contributing
factors
Are there any relevant
opportunities (specific
practices, stakeholders,
incentive and motivations)
which contribute to a
solution?
Key intervention points for ALL
Which are the key intervention
points where we should focus our
attention on to contribute to a
significant change in the overall
situation?
Information gaps and research
needs
Are there any important areas of
uncertainty in our diagram?
Strategies Workshop
November 3 and 4, 2010
Ocean Shores Shilo Inn
Washington Coast Regional Salmon Plan
Conceptual Model
26 Specific Strategies Consolidated
Into Five Categories
1. Educate the Community to Protect, Restore
and Maintain Ecosystem Values
2. Restore and Protect Salmonid Habitat Function
3. Support Hatchery Reform and Harvest Practices that are
Compatible with Wild Salmon Sustainability
4. Use Economic Tools to Protect, Restore and
Maintain Ecosystem Values
5. Improve Regulatory Effectiveness to Achieve Salmon
Sustainability by Identifying Conflicts, Impediments
and Gaps in Current Regulations
Overarching Partnership Strategy
ORGANIZE, PROMOTE AND MAINTAIN BROAD
PARTNERSHIPS THAT SUPPORT WILD SALMON
SUSTAINABILITY
Focused Strategy Work Groups
Tuesday, February 8
Educating the Community to Protect, Restore and
Maintain Ecosystem Values
Wednesday, February 9
Restore and Protect Salmonid Habitat Function
Monday, February 14
Support Hatchery and Harvest Practices that are
Compatible with Wild Salmon Sustainability
Thursday, February 17
Use Economic Tools to Protect, Restore
and Maintain Ecosystem Values
Wednesday, March 9
Improve Regulatory Effectiveness to Achieve
Salmon Sustainability by Identifying Conflicts,
Impediments and Gaps in Current Regulations
Educate the Community to Protect,
Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values
Educate the Community to Protect,
Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values
Strategy A1:
Create a WCSSP Outreach & Education Program that
Builds Salmon Awareness and Community Action
Strategy A2:
Communicate Climate Change Tools, Research, and
Information to Local Communities
Strategy A3:
Work to Inform Landowners, Industry, Retail, Agencies,
and the Public about Invasive Species
Strategy A4:
Increase Public Outreach on Environmental Values to
Make Shoreline Modification more Salmon-Friendly
Strategy A5:
Reach Out to Landowners and Others about the Value
of Preserving Marginal Land
Strategy A6:
Educate Local Elected Officials and Residents about
Stormwater and Wastewater Pollution
Restore and Protect
Salmonid Habitat Function
Restore and Protect
Salmonid Habitat Function
Strategy B1:
Use Habitat Protection Tools & Techniques to
Maintain or Restore Refugia in Light of Climate Change
Strategy B2:
Coordinate a Region-Wide Invasive Species Workgroup
Strategy B3:
Restore In-stream Channel Function by Overcoming
Removal and/or Lack of LWD
Strategy B4:
Correct Existing Fish Barriers
Strategy B5:
Encourage the Implementation of Water Quantity
Planning Efforts
Strategy B6:
Reduce Dredging and Filling of Estuaries, Rivers, and
Wetlands
Support Hatchery and Harvest Practices
that are Compatible with Wild Salmon Sustainability
Support Hatchery and Harvest Practices
that are Compatible with Wild Salmon
Sustainability
Strategy C1:
Create Opportunities that Lead to a Better
Understanding of Hatchery, Harvest, and Wild Fish
Policies
Strategy C2:
Develop Partnerships for Hatchery Reform
Use Economic Tools to Protect,
Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values
Use Economic Tools to Protect,
Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values
Strategy D1:
Value Ecosystem Services
Strategy D2:
Support Ecotourism Compatible with Wild Salmon
Sustainability
Strategy D3:
Support Incentives for Keeping Agriculture, Timber,
and Residential Land Use
Strategy D4:
Promote Coastal Wild Salmon as a Premium Market
Product
Strategy D5:
Advocate for a Barrel Transport Fee to Fund Oil Spill
Response Capacity
Strategy D6:
Explore Bio-diversity Markets such as Offset &
Compensation Programs, Conservation Futures Tax,
Mitigation Funding
Improve Regulatory Effectiveness to Achieve Salmon Sustainability
by Identifying Conflicts, Impediments and Gaps in Current Regulations
Improve Regulatory Effectiveness to Achieve Salmon
Sustainability by Identifying Conflicts, Impediments and
Gaps in Current Regulations
Strategy E1:
Improve the Effectiveness of Enforcement
Strategy E2:
Ensure that Land Use Plans and Regulations Do Not
Negatively Affect Salmon Habitats
Strategy E3:
Create Effective Regulations and Policies that Restore
Large Wood (LWD) In Streams
Strategy E4:
Strengthen the Forest Practices Act Permitting and
Monitoring Process
Strategy E5:
Change Funding Procedures for Road and
Transportation Improvements to Benefit Salmon
Next Steps:
Release Draft for Public Review and Comment
Complete Final Regional Salmon Plan
Respond to all public, Lead Entity, federal, state, tribal, and NGO partner
comments in completing final plan document
Obtain WCSSP Board approval of final regional plan
Work with Lead Entities to facilitate further integration of Lead Entity Strategies
and Regional Salmon Plan
Work with Lake Ozette Steering Committee to update Lake Ozette implementation
schedule and integrate into overall
regional salmon recovery and sustainability planning, with emphasis on clarifying
funding needs for Lake Ozette sockeye recovery
Further develop integrated hatchery, harvest and habitat strategies to support
wild stock sustainability
Work with Implementation Committee and key planning partners to develop
regional salmon plan implementation schedule
Regional Salmon
Plan
THANK
YOU