Transcript indicators for a clean black sea

INDICATORS FOR A CLEAN BLACK SEA
VASILE PATRASCU, SIMION NICOLAEV, RADU MIHNEA, ELENA
DUMITRESCU, LUCIA POPA, TANIA ZAHARIA
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MARINE RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT “GRIGORE ANTIPA”
No. 300, MAMAIA BLVD, RO-900581, CONSTANTA / ROMANIA,
FAX: +40 241 831274, E.mail: [email protected]
Destined
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for:
environmental reports
decisions making
operational and scientific analyses
Reference points for annual
marine environmental report
1-Physico-chemical indicators (Transparency,
Temperature, Salinity, Oxygen, Nutrients, Heavy metals, Total
and Poliaromatic hydrocarbons, Pesticide)
2-Ecosystem and living resource state
• littoral and coastal zone (erosion, sea level);
• biotic components (bacteria; diversity and biomass for fito
and zoo plankton, macro algae, zoo benthos, fisheries
resources)
• biodiversity and threatened species (macro algae,
invertebrate, fish, dolphins)
• marine living resources
3-General trend (general state, last evolution and expectant
tendency)
Reference terms
INDICATOR:
• Numerical expression for phenomena characterization
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help from quantitatively, compositionally, structurally, its
temporally change (increase or decrease), its reciprocal
linkage with others phenomena point of view etc;
Can be expressed in natural, natural-conventional and
monetary measurements units, in absolute, relative and
average magnitude;
This delivers a physical, chemical, biological, social and
economic significant variable, that it can be measured by
specified way, for management purposes
IMPOSED REQUIRIMENTS for indicators
• Their selection must to correspond at one
environmental priority taken into account
• Exiting data support for indicators
evaluation
• Monitoring system for obtaining
background data
• Scientific sound and easy processing
• End user requirements satisfaction
KIND OF INDICATORS
STATE:
• Attribute(s) of the natural environment that reflect its
integrity as regards a specified issue
PRESSURE:
• Means by which at least one activity or process intended
to enhance human welfare causes or contributes to a
change in State
IMPACT:
• A change in human welfare attributable to a change in
State
RESPONSE:
• An initiative intended to reduce at least one Impact and
in which manner the ecosystem react to this
ISSUE: GENERAL
General Indicators:
• Temperature (Celsius degree);
• Salinity (g/l);
• Transparency (m);
• Dissolved Oxygen concentration (µmol/l);
• Oxygen Saturation (%)
ISSUE: CONTAMINATION
State Indicators :
• The concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb,
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Mn, Ni, Cr, Zn) in seawater (µg/L) and sediments
(mg/kg)
The organo-halogenated compounds in seawater
(ng/L) and sediments (µg/Kg)
The concentration of poliaromatic hydrocarbons
in sediments (µg/Kg)
The concentration of total hydrocarbons in
seawater (µg/L) and sediments (mg/Kg)
Bathing water quality (germs/100 ml)
ISSUE: CONTAMINATION
Pressure Indicators:
• The total load of metals and organo-halogenated
compounds (kg)
• The total volume of total hydrocarbons annual
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loss (tones/year);
Contamination sources activity (pollutants
quantity: tones/year)
ISSUE: CONTAMINATION
Impact Indicators:
• The overall relative trend shown by
bioaccumulation of substances or groups of
substances in biota (heavy metals, pesticides,
PAH, radionuclides etc)
Response Indicators:
• Environmental: The rate of restoration of
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baseline conditions concerning the level of
pollutants in seawater.
Human resources: numerical evolution of
actively experts involved in pollution monitoring
field
ISSUE: EUTROPHICATION
State Indicators :
• The total concentration of nitrogen (nitrite, nitrate,
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ammonia, organic nitrogen- µmol/l);
The total concentration of the phosphorus
(orthophosphates, organic phosphorus - µmol/l);
Nitrogen/Phosphorus ratio in water;
Silicon dissolved concentration (µmol/l);
chlorophyll a concentration (µg/l);
Phytoplankton: density (cells/l), biomass (mg/m3);
Trophyc zooplankton: density (specimens/m3), biomass
(mg/m3);
Zoobenthos: density (specimens/m2), biomass (g/m2)
ISSUE: EUTROPHICATION
Pressure Indicators:
• The load of total nitrogen and phosphorus (tones/year);
Impact Indicators:
• The algal blooms expressed as frequency/year and
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frequency x extent in km2/year
Unitary and total quantity of benthal dead organisms on
coastal unit length (tones/Km)
Response Indicators:
• Environmental: The rate of restoration expressed as a
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percentage of base level of total dissolved oxygen
Policy: The rate of progress in nutrient discharge control
measures
Human resources: numerical evolution of actively
experts involved in eutrophication field
ISSUE: BIODIVERSITY AND HABITATS
State Indicators:
• Species number of marine organisms by
class and areals;
• Number of the threatened marine species;
• Habitats diversity (number, tips)
Pressure Indicators:
• Number of the exotic species;
• Number of the marine comercial species;
• Number of the antrophic activity with
impact;
• Wet surfaces area (Km2)
ISSUE: BIODIVERSITY AND HABITATS
Impact Indicators :
• Vulnerable species/total species ratio
• Lost species/ total species ratio
• Number of acclimatized species
Response Indicators :
• Environment: protected species/ total species ratio
• Environment: number of protected area/total coastal line
ratio
• Policy: existence of management specific plans;
• Policy: total expenses for protected area management
• Human resources: numerical evolution of actively
experts involved in biodiversity and habitats field
ISSUE: MARINE LIVING RESOURCES
State Indicators :
• Biomass of aquatic resources stocks under settlement
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fishing (tones);
Growing parameters and conditional factors;
Reproductive and stocks completion intensity;
Population structure
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Environmental factors (abiotics, biotics);
Fishing effort;
Total level of catch and landing per year (tones);
Total admissible catch (TAC - tones);
Mortality by fishing;
Natural mortality
Pressure Indicators :
ISSUE: MARINE LIVING RESOURCES
Impact Indicators :
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Percentage of species with outside safety limits stocks;
Percentage of complimentary species;
Changes in structure by class size (age, length);
Changes in catch by effort unity (average CPUE);
Impact degree on habitats and sea mammals
Response Indicators :
• Number of the settlement stocks: fishing share, the effort control,
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TAC, times and fishing zones, expenses for stock monitoring, other
instruments;
Growth of the species number under safety limits
Production by mariculture;
Number of threatened and reappeared species;
Number of new colonized and becomed resources species;
Human resources: numerical evolution of actively experts involved
in marine living resources management field
ISSUE: COASTAL ZONE
State Indicators:
• Annual/seasonal rates of coastal change at sea/shore
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interface;
Erosion/accretion ratio;
Evolution of environmental determinative factors (sea
level, currents, winds, waves etc);
Indicators of specific contamination in functional zones;
Indicators of eutrophication and contamination in
continental surface and underground waters for coastal
zone;
Indicators of biodiversity and habitats in coastal
terrestrial zone;
Indicators of resources (minerals and living) in coastal
terrestrial zone;
Landscape specific indicators in coastal zone;
Social and economic indicators
ISSUE: COASTAL ZONE
Pressure Indicators:
• Oil maritime traffic as income of oil tanks in ports and
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annual quantity of discharged oil products (tones);
Number of accidental pollutions;
Number of foreigner tourist/ 100 inhabitants in coastal
zone;
Total quantity of used waters discharged in coastal zone
(m3);
Production of solid municipal/industrial waste (tones)
Impact Indicators:
• Coastal erosion as percentage of coastal line affected of
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erosion;
Build up coastal line/ natural coastal line;
Bathing water quality as percentage of exceeding
reference level
Flood risk
ISSUE: COASTAL ZONE
Response Indicators:
• Policy: protected areas surface and their statute;
• Policy: existing a national environmental plan/
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sustainable development strategy;
Policy: existing the assessment programmes of
pollutants discharge;
Policy: equipage level of ports with treatment plants;
Policy: public expenses for touristical sites protection;
Human resources: numerical evolution of actively
experts involved in integrated coastal zone management
field