Transcript Ecology powerpoint continued how_organisms_interact

How organisms interact
Predator/Prey interactions

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Predation - The act of one organism
killing another for food.
Ex. Lions eating zebras
Defense

Defense
Camouflage
 Hibernation
 Migration
 Mimicricy

Plant Defense
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Secondary
compounds –
Means of defense
for plants
Ex. Mustard plants
(produce mustard
oil, toxic to many
insects), Poison
ivy, Tobacco
Coevolution
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The back-and-forth
evolutionary
adjustments between
interacting members
of an ecosystem.
Ex. Newt and Garter
snake

Newts poison - only
1/13 of the poison
found in the newt is
enough to kill a human
Symbiosis

Symbiosis – Two
or more species
living together in a
close, long term
association

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
Parasitic
Mutualistic
Commensalism
Parasitism

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One organism
feeds on and
usually lives on or
in another
organism.
(parasites do not
usually kill their
prey)
Ex. Roundworms,
fleas, mosquitoes.
Ticks.
Mutualism

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A symbiotic relationship in which both
species benefit.
Ex. Ants and aphids, Yuccas and Yucca
moths
Mutualism: Yuccas and Yucca moths
Commensalism

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A symbiotic
relationship in
which one species
benefits and the
other is neither
harmed nor
helped.
Ex. Clown fish and
sea anemone
Competition

Remember - resources are limited


Organisms lessen competition by
finding a niche
Niche – How the organism lives
(includes what they eat, where they
live, etc.), not to be confused with
habitat

Ex. Diet, reproduction, time of activity
Competition

Fundamental niche
– The entire range
of resource
opportunities an
organism is able to
occupy.

Realized niche –
the set of
resources the
population actually
uses (due to
competition)