Transcript 49_InternetIntro

PC Fundamentals
Presentation 49 – Introduction to the
Internet
Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Objectives
At the end of this presentation,
you will be able to:
2

Define TCP/IP and explain its importance to
the Internet.

Define Internet, Intranet, and Extranet.

Define “fully qualified domain name
(FQDN)” and URL and define the major
parts of each.

Recognize top-level domains.

Explain how the Domain Name System
(DNS) works.
3
The Internet
A “Network of Networks”.
 It consists of tens of thousands of networks
and millions of computers all over the
world.

4
A Brief History of the Internet
Late 1960s – ARPANET - Research in
packet-switching networking carried out by
the Advanced Research Projects Agency.
 1975 – ARPANET turned over to the U.S.
Defense Communication agency.
 1979 – Internet Control and Configuration
Board formed.
 1980 – Global Internet begins to emerge as
conversion to TCP/IP begins.

5
A Brief History of the Internet
1983 – ARPANET split into ARPANET and MILNET.
 1983 – Defense Department mandates TCP/IP as the
protocol of the ARPANET.
 1986 – National Science Foundation funds new
backbone called NSFNET, which connects to and
greatly expands ARPANET and provides seed money
for regional networks.
 1980s – Universities and major scientific research
institutes get involved.

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A Brief History of the Internet
Late 1980s – Major Corporations tie into the still
emerging Internet.
 Early 1990s – Medium and small companies
begin connecting in large numbers.
 Mid 1990s – Individuals begin connecting en
mass.
 Late 1990s – E-Commerce emerges.
 Today – The Internet is an integral part of our
lives.

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TCP/IP is:





The Protocol of the Internet
The number 1 protocol in the world for moving
data around
A suite of over 100 protocols
Supported by virtually all modern operating
systems.
The protocol of UNIX.
8
TCP/IP- A suite of protocols

Internet Protocol (IP) - The protocol that
determines the Internet’s basic packet
structure and its addressing scheme.
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - The
protocol that sets up a connection between
two hosts and ensures that data is passed
between them reliably.
9
TCP/IP- A suite of protocols

File Transport Protocol (FTP) - Defines file transfers
among computers on the Internet.
 Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) - Describes
the format of Internet email.
 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - Defines how
WWW data is transmitted between a server and a
browser.
 Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP) Defines how Usenet newsgroups and postings are
transmitted.
10
IP Address

A logical rather than a physical address.
 How it is entered into your computer:
–
Manually, by you or the network administrator.
– Automatically, via the Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
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Each computer on a network that
uses the TCP/IP protocol must
have its own unique IP address.
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IP Address
Dotted-Decimal Notation
205 .208 .113 .5
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Usually, you get your IP
addresses from your local
Internet Service Provider.
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Configuring TCP/IP

Manually
 Automatically through DHCP
15
The IP Address is divided into
two parts:
Network ID
Host ID
(Assigned by
InterNIC)
(Assigned
locally)
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Networks using Internet
Technology

Internet
 internet
 Intranet
 Extranet
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Router
Network 1
Network 2
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Router 1
Network 2
Network 1
Router 2
Network 3
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Router 1
Network 2
Network 1
Router 3
Router 2
Network 3
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R
Net1
Net3
Net2
Net4
R
R
Net5
R
R
R
R
Net7
R
Net6
Net8
R
Net9
R
Net10
R
Net11
R
Net12
R
R
Net13
Net14
R
Net15
R
Net16
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Addressing and Identification
Schemes

MAC Address
0A:12:B3:00:F1:3C
 IP Address
192.47.116.254
 Domain Name
 Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
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Domain Names

An Internet identification system that uses
words rather than numeric IP addresses.
 The Internet uses a system of “Domains” to
divide and name its resources.
 Example:
www.ford.com
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Commercial
Ford GE IBM
Government
NASA NPS HUD
Education
MIT ND UNC
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Top-Level Domain
Commercial
Second-Level Domain
Ford GE IBM
Domain Names:
Ford.com
GE.com
IBM.com
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Top-Level Domain
Government
Second-Level Domain
Domain Names:
NASA NPS HUD
NASA.gov
NPS.gov
HUD.gov
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Education
Top-Level Domain
Second-Level Domain
Domain Names:
MIT ND UNC
MIT.edu
ND.edu
UNC.edu
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Commercial
Top-Level Domain
2nd-Level Domain
3rd-Level Domain
yahoo
sports
shopping
news
sports.yahoo.com
shopping.yahoo.com
Dailynews.yahoo.com
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Fully Qualified Domain Name
(FQDN)
Samson.Finance.Mycompany.com
Host
3rd
Level
Domain
2nd
Level
Domain
Top
Level
Domain
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Top Level Domains

.com
Commercial
 .gov
Government
 .edu
Education
 .net
Networks
 .org
Organizations
 .mil
Military
 .int
International
 Country Codes
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Country Codes
 .cn
 .ca
 .de
 .dk
 .fr
China
Canada
Germany
Denmark
France
 .hk
 .ru
 .se
 .uk
 .us
Honk Kong
Russia
Sweden
United Kingdom
United States
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Uniform Resource Locator
(URL)

The Addressing Scheme of the World Wide Web.
 A user-friendly substitute for an IP Address
 Example:
http://www.microsoft.com/Product/Windows
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http://www.microsoft.com/download/bigoldfile
Protocol
World
Wide
Web
Domain
Name
Path
File
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Domain Name System (DNS)

A world-wide distributed data base that links
Domain Names to IP addresses.
 A system of hierarchical routing which
automatically finds the proper numeric IP
address when it is given a Domain Name.
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DNS Servers
35
Hey, DNS Server!
What is the IP
address of:
shopping.yahoo.com
?
Your
Workstation
DNS
Server
36
I don’t know. But here
is the IP address of the
yahoo.com name
server
She can tell you.
Your
Workstation
DNS
Server
37
Hey, Yahoo.com name
server! What is the IP
address of:
shopping.yahoo.com
?
YAHOO.COM
Name Server
Your
Workstation
38
The IP address for
shopping.yahoo.com
is
204.71.200.215
Have a nice day.
YAHOO.COM
Name Server
Your
Workstation
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Your
Workstation
SHOPPING.YAHOO.COM
Web Server
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PC Fundamentals
End
Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved