Transcript The Family - Annapolis High School

Welcome 
• Grab your folder, the packet by the door, and
take your seat.
• Complete Family trends survey warm-up
The Family
CHAPTER 12 The Family
Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Section 2: The American Family
Objectives:
• Identify the basic societal needs that the
institution of the family satisfies.
• Describe some of the disruptions they might
face.
• Analyze some of the trends in American family
life currently being examined by sociologists.
Family Systems
• Nuclear Family- one or both parents and the
children
• Family of orientation- nuclear family into which
a person is born or adopted
Family Systems
• Family of procreation- new nuclear family
consisting of the individual, spouse and their
children
• Extended family- two or more generations,
includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc
Norms and Marriage Patterns
Around the World
• Number of marriage partners – in industrialized
nations marriages are usually monogamous
whereas in pre-industrial societies the normal
pattern is polygyny
• Residential Patterns – once individuals are married
they must decide where to live
• Descent Patterns – in some societies people trace
kinship through the father’s side of the family, in
others descent is traced through the mother’s
side of the family or through both parents
• Authority Patterns – the three basic types are
patriarchy, matriarchy and egalitarian
Marriage-Partner Patterns
monogamy
polygamy
polygyny
polyandry
Residential Patterns
patrilocality
matrilocality
bilocality
neolocality
Descent Patterns
patrilineal descent
matrilineal descent
bilateral descent
Authority Patterns
patriarchy
matriarchy
egalitarian
Marriage and Kinship Patterns
• Monogamy- Most industrialized societies,
marriage between a man and a woman
• Polygamy- marriage with multiple partners
– Polygyny- man is permitted to take and marry more
than one woman
– Polyandry- woman is permitted to marry more than
one man
Residential Patterns
• Patrilocality- Married couple is expected to live
with or near husband’s parents
• Matrilocality- couple is expected to live near the
wife’s parents
• Bilocality- newly married couple can choose
which family they live near
• Neolocality- modern industrialized nations,
couple may opt to set up residence apart from
both families
Marriage and Family Formations ws
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1.d
2.a
3.m
4.c
5.e
6.k
7.l
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8.h
9.b
10.i
11.j
12.g
13.f
14.n
Functions of the Family
• Regulate Sexual Activity (avoid incest)
• Reproduction- replace members of society who
die
• Socialization
– Family is most important form
– Children learn norms and values
Functions of the Family
• Economic and Emotional Security
– Division of labor between members
– Family ensures that its members are fed, clothed,
and housed
– Loving and Caring environment
Beginnings of the American Family
and Disruptions
• Marriage begins with courtship and marriage
between either homogamous or heterogamous
couples
• Disruptions include family violence, divorce,
empty nest, return of adult children and death of
a spouse
• 1. You don’t just marry a person; you marry a
family
• 2. just being in love is not a good enough reason
to get married
• 3. look for a spouse with your head, not your
heart
• 4. happiness is what people bring to a marriage,
not what the marriage brings to them
• 5. one person could never be all things to
another person
Marital Problems Activity:
• This exercise poses some problems that could
arise in a marriage.
• Your groups task is to discuss the problems
involved in your case and come up with
workable solutions. (7 minutes)
• Share…
Family Disruption
• Family Violence
– Most devastating for of disruption
– 1/3 families experience this
– Child abuse on the rise, in 1999 over 1,400 died as a
result
– 11% of all murders in 1998 were a result of intimate
partner violence (75% victims women)
Family Violence
Emotional, physical, or sexual abuse of
one family member by another
• Against women
• Women are more likely to be injured by a family member than to
be mugged or raped by a stranger or hurt in an automobile
accident.
• All states have marital rape laws; half have “stalking laws.”
• Against children
• Child abuse and neglect are most common among the youngest
and most vulnerable children.
• Abusers are more likely to be women than men.
Family Disruption
• Divorce
– US has highest rate in the world
– Married teenage couples have highest risk
– Couples who are college educated have less of a chance
than non college educated
– Greater negative economic impact
– Women adjust better emotionally (Men higher likelihood
of drug and alcohol use, depression, etc)
– 40% of children of divorced couples still struggle 10 yrs
later
Divorce
• In the US, nine out of 10 people will marry. Four in 10
marriages end in divorce. Why?
• Individualism on the rise
• Romantic love often subsides.
• Women are less dependent upon men.
• Many of today’s marriages are stressful.
• Divorce is socially acceptable.
• Legally, a divorce is easier to get.
Looking Ahead
• Divorce rates remain high.
• More equality between sexes
• All kinds of units will be
called families.
• Men will continue to play a
limited role in child rearing.
• Many will remain absent
from household scenes.
• Economic changes will affect
families and reform marriage.
• Less quality time as work
demands more from parents
• New reproductive
technologies
• Ethical concerns about what
can and what should be done
Trends in American Family Life
Delayed Marriage ( Median Age)
– 1890 – Women (22) Men (26.1)
– 1960- Women (20.3) Men (22.8)
– 2000- Women (25.1) Men (26.8)
• current trend is to marry later in life and being
single has become an acceptable alternative to
being married
• Explanations
– Single more socially acceptable
– Education delays marriage
– Cohabitation w/o marriage is more common
Trends in American Family Life
• Delayed Childbearing
• women are delaying childbirth to complete their
education and establish a career
– 1998- 23% of births were to women 30-34
– Sandwich Generation- raising children and dealing
with aging parent issues
Trends in American Family Life
• Childlessness
• couples are making the conscious choice to
remain voluntarily childless
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On the rise
Highly educated, high income couples
Infertility
Some just choose
• Dual Earner Marriages
• increase in the number of dual-earner marriages
due to the increased number of women entering
the workforce
• Dual earner families the norm
– More women are working (61% )
Trends in American Family Life
• One Parent Families
• come about in various ways such as divorce, death
of a spouse, births to unwed mothers or adoption by
unmarried individuals
– On the rise
– Most led by divorced or unwed mothers
– Issues
• Stress from responsibility overload
• Task Overload (job, caring for children, home)
• Emotional Overload
• Remarriage
– 43% of marriages today, 1 or both partners previously
married
– Four out of five people who divorce remarry, most within
five years.
• Remarriage often creates blended families.
• the majority of people who get divorced about 75
percent get remarried
• Subsequent Divorce – the majority of people who get
remarried – about 60 percent – get divorced again
Wedding survey
Mock wedding
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1 couple (bride and groom)
Pick a theme for your wedding….
Write your own vows (HW)
Select best man, maid of honor
Select one other
bridesmaid/groomsman
• Mother and father or the bride
• Mother of the groom
• Wedding coordinators
In charge of
food/drinks/music/seating charts
• decorating committee
In charge of
decorations and set up
• clean-up crew
In charge of
cleaning up
…
Homework:
• Option 3:
• Choose another culture and
research its dating and marriage
patterns. Include the cultural items
and traits of the marriage
ceremony, the norms of dating,
the roles of each spouse, and the
cultures attitudes concerning
divorce.
• Option 1:
• Ask your parents or a married
couple that you feel close to
why they decided to get
married. Was it an easy or
difficult decision? What were
the most difficult adjustments
to marriage? What advice would
they give all couples considering • Option 4:
marriage today? Record their
• You have $25,000 (average cost in
responses.
the US) to plan your own wedding
• Option 2:
• Include things like dress (don’t
forget to budget for alterations) or
• Write your own marriage vows.
tux rental, photos/video, flowers,
Include important matters in
catering, venue for
marriage. How do your vows
ceremony/reception,
compare to traditional wedding
entertainment, honeymoon…..
vows.
Final Project
• You will create a photo-book assignment:
• You will take a picture that represents something you
learned or found interesting in sociology. You will then
tell why you chose to take the photo the way you did
and how it relates to sociology …(see my sample)
• Then you will write a comment on 2 other students
pictures
• I will have directions for this project next class, for now
just think about what you may want to do…