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Transcript Chapter 7 group

NONVERBAL CODES AND CULTURAL
SPACES
By Angela Duarte, Andrea Goodwin, Nazrana Lunat, and Denise
Perez
WHAT IS NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION?
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It is symbolic, meaningful and governed by societal or
cultural rules
Our facial expressions, eye gaze, posture and tone of
voice, ect.
It conveys status, power and deception.
It plays an important role in intercultural interactions.
It is enables us to show how we feel about each other
and our cultural groups.
The expectancy violation theory : We have expectations
of how other people should behave or communicate
nonverbally in specific situations. These expectations are
on a subconscious level.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VERBAL AND
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Verbal Communication:
 People use actual words to speak.
 It is predominantly initiated on a conscious
level.
 Also includes sign language and written forms
of communication.
 The rate, volume, pitch, the articulation and
pronunciation of words.
Nonverbal Communication:
 Does not use words.
 Operated on a subconscious and
conscious level
 Can communicate deception
EXAMPLES OF NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION IN MY CULTURE
In my family we do not make eye contact with
our elders, we look at the ground or elsewhere
when we communicate.
 As a woman I cannot shake hands with the
opposite sex, it is considered a sign of
disrespect or forwardness in my culture.
 A hand laid across your heart is a
 sign of peace when we are introduced to
someone.
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FURTHER RESEARCH
Automated Face Analysis – In depth review,
experiments and research on human facial
expressions which is the way most human beings
express their emotions nonverbally.
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~face/index2.htm
By the Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University.
Journal articles on facial expressions:
Agneta H. Fischer & Anthony S. R. Manstead (2000). “The relation between gender and emotions
in different cultures.” Pp. 71 - 94 i A. H. Fischer (ed.): Gender and emotion: social psychological
perspectives. Cambridge University Press
Cohn, J. F. & Schmidt, K. L. (2004). “The timing of facial motion in posed and spontaneous smiles”.
International Journal of Wavelets, Multi -resolution and Information Processing, 2, 1-12.
Mehrabian, Albert & Susan R. Ferris (1967). ”Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication
in two channels.” Journal of consulting psychology 31 (3): 248-252.
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
Facial Expressions have been studied cross
culturally and have been found to be almost
universal.
 Recent studies show people might be born with a
certain set of facial expressions.
 Example: This video shows how blind athletes use
the same facial expressions as sighted athletes
world wide.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5G6ZR5lJgTI
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GESTURES
Unlike facial expressions,
gestures are unique to each
culture. They can be learned
and the meaning can change
over time.
 Some gestures have opposite
meanings from one culture to
another. Does this symbol mean
“peace,” the number “two” or
does it look similar to a rude
gesture? It depends on your
culture.
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EYE CONTACT
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Eye contact communicates respect,
status, and turn-taking.
Eye contact varies widely from culture
to culture. Some cultures it is
disrespectful to make too much, in
some too little.
An interesting example of eye contact
in another culture:
Williams, D., & Hughes, P. (2005).
Nonverbal communication in Italy: An
analysis of interpersonal touch, body
position, eye contact, and seating
behaviors. North Dakota Journal of
Speech & Theatre, 1817-24.rmation:
PARALINGUISTICS
Paralinguistics
 How something is
said
 Can indicate mood,
meaning, intention.
 Vocalizations are
filler words, “um,
uh, ah, er.”
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Silence
 Is used to reduce
uncertainty in some
cultures.
 Is not very valued
in the US.
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CHRONEMICS
“Time time time is on my side, yes it is” – The
Rolling Stones.
 Chronemics is how a culture uses and
understands time.
 How late is acceptably late? 5 minutes? 30
minutes? An hour?
 Monochronic cultures think time can be lost,
gained, spent ect. 5 minutes late is acceptable.
 Polychronic cultures think time is relative. Up to an
hour late, or never showing up, is acceptable.
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NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION IN POP CULTURE
Non-verbal communication has become a
popular topic for crime-based television shows
such as “The Mentalist” and “Psych.” In these
shows observant people catch bad guys in a lie
by reading their nonverbal communication.
 “Cosmopolitan” and other gossip magazines
frequently feature stories on how to catch your
man cheating just by watching his nonverbal
cues.
 Pop culture often ignores the cross-cultural
differences in nonverbal communication.
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Nonverbal Communication Skills– this site gives an extensive
breakdown of nonverbal communication, tips on how to be a
better communicator, lists nonverbal cues which may be
misinterpreted or missed and shows how to evaluate nonverbal
skills.
http://www.helpguide.org/mental/eq6_nonverbal_communication.h
tm
Journal articles on nonverbal communication skills:
Friedman, Howard S.; Miller-Herringer, Terry. “Nonverbal display of emotion
in public and in private: Self-monitoring, personality, and expressive
cues”. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 1992 Nov, v61 (n5):766775
Riggio, Ronald E.; Widaman, Keith F.; Friedman, Howard S. “Actual and
perceived emotional sending and personality correlates” . Journal of
Nonverbal Behavior, 1985 Summer, v9 (n2):69-83.
STEREOTYPY, PREJUDICE, AND
DISCRIMINATION
Stereotypy
A
problem that comes from nonverbal communication is stereotyping.
Nonverbal communication should be used more as a interaction technique with others.
cultures view differently nonverbal communication in a positive or negative manner.
example: No eye contact can be viewed differently
Instantly by looks any person can feel, if they are welcomed or not in any occasion.
Prejudice
Physical appearance or behavior is a trigger to prejudgment in a negative or positive manner.
Overall stereotyping and prejudice leads to discrimination.
Discrimination
Discrimination is based on race, gender and any other identities.
Discrimination leads to out casting an individual or a group of individuals, because of their
identities.
SEMIOTICS AND NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
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Semiotics are the relationship
between signs to the meaning of a
word related to nonverbal
communication.
Signifiers are the meaning that
culturally are placed in words or
signs.
A word or sign can mean a variety
of means to any culture.
Example: Any colors have different
meanings to any culture.
DEFINING CULTURE SPACE
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Culture Space is a way where we
can use to describe where we
come from or who we are.
Not everyone comes from the
EXACT culture space.
We describe ourselves differently.
It doesn’t always have to be a place
it can also be a person, that is or
has a symbol of who we are.
EXAMPLE
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An example which I can relate to everyday, would have to be the Semiotic.
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I live in Livingston, Ca and one two ethnicities that live in the small town
are Indians and Mexicans.
To Mexicans (myself included) the color red symbolizes “danger” or “rich.”
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But Indians think of the color red as a symbolic color for purity, they
traditionally use the color red for the bridal gown color.
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Mexicans will never use the color red for a bridal color, we think of the
color white as purity for Quinceneras and Weddings.
This proves that the Semiotic meaning varies from culture to culture for a
symbol or word.
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A HELPFUL WEBSITE
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To help you understand what Semiotics is
I found a video that can help. I had some
difficulty understanding the meaning at
first. Hope this link helps you as it helped
me.
Http://youtube.com/watch?v=rEgxTKUP_WI
DEFINING CULTURAL SPACES
Cultural spaces are dynamic and ever changing
 They are not just physical places, but also
metaphorical places
 Social places includes communicating as:
parents, colleagues, customers, Californians
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CULTURAL IDENTITY & CULTURAL SPACE
HOME
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One of our earliest cultural
spaces
Has an abundance of social
class symbols
Often, we model our own lives
based on childhood homes
Can be a place of safety and
security
Not the same as a physical
location
NEIGHBORHOOD
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A cultural space that emerged in
the U.S. during the late 19th and
early 20th centuries was the ethnic
or racial neighborhoods
However the only neighborhoods
that were actually occupied by one
race were African American,
because of segregation
Though segregation has been
outlawed many neighborhoods
remain predominately African
American.
CULTURAL IDENTITY & CULTURAL SPACE CONT.
FURTHER READING
REGIONALISM
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Regions are not clearly
identified on world maps
Cause for many struggles
over cultural spaces
National boundaries often
hide regions
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Example: Some U.S. citizens
identify themselves as
southerners
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http://www.digitrends.com/c
rossingcultures/iden.htm
The link to the above article
offers more explanation on
cultural space
CHANGING CULTURAL SPACE
TRAVEL
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Traveling enables us to change
cultural spaces easily
Changing cultural spaces even
for a short time means that
you must change the way you
interact with people
An example would be when I
traveled to North Carolina I had
no idea that many southerners
find the term “Bible Belt”
offensive. I had to refrain from
saying that while I was there.
MIGRATION
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When moving, you also
change cultural spaces
People who migrate often
find it difficult to adjust to
the change in cultural
spaces
This is true for not only
moving from one country to
another but also for moving
from one region in a country
to another.
POST MODERN CULTURAL SPACES
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They are defined by cultural practices, languages, and
identities and they change as new people move in and
out of the spaces
An example would be chat rooms on the internet, you
can go in and out of different chat rooms with different
topics relatively easy
Another example is the Central Valley of California, there
are a great deal of Portuguese people living here but
there really are no “Portuguese neighborhoods,” like
Chinatown in San Francisco, you can still visit
Portuguese bakeries and markets, or attend traditional
Festas if desired
QUIZ
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1. True/False: Home, neighborhoods, and regions are
examples of cultural spaces
2. True/False: Regions have clearly defined borders.
3. Internet chat rooms are an example of:
a. Neighborhoods b. post modern cultural spaces
c. Travel d. none of the above
QUIZ
4.
A
B
C
D
Nonverbal communication involves all of the following except:
Use of words
Gestures
Facial expressions
Eye contact
5.
A
B
C
D
__________ and humans share nonverbal behaviors
Giraffes
Rats
Chimpanzees
Goats
6. Verbal communication predominantly operates on a _________ level.
A Conscious
B
Subconscious
C Meditative
D
Spiritual
7. ____________ communication plays a vital role in intercultural
communication.
A Verbal
B Nonverbal
C Oral
D
8.
A
B
C
D
Tele
Nonverbal communication can convey, status, power and __________.
Education
Health
Deception
Intelligence
QUIZ
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9. Semiotics is the interpretation of signs: True or
False?
10. Facial expressions are different in each culture :
True or False?
11. Stereotyping or prejudice can lead to over
nonverbal actions to exclude, called _____
True or False
12. There are no differences between Verbal and Nonverbal communication. T/F ?
13.
Nonverbal communication enables us to show how we feel about each
other and our cultural groups. T/F ?
14. The expectancy violation theory is a useful tool to determine how we react
to nonverbal cues from other people. T/F?
15.
Nonverbal communication is not governed by rules. T/F?
16. Verbal communication also involves the rate, pitch, volume and articulation
of words. T/F?
ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
True
False
B
A
C
A
B
C
True
False
Discrimination
False
True
False
False
True