Transcript Communist

History and Governments of East SE Asia
Part 2: Modern Nations/Economic Powers
1-Why did European merchants travel to China
and other East Asian countries?
• By 1500, Asian goods such as silk,
porcelain and tea had become highly
valued in Europe.
• European merchants began traveling to
the region to trade for these goods.
2-What was China’s response to these traders?
• China did not welcome these traders.
• The Chinese tried to isolate their country
from European influences.
3-In your opinion, why do you think China had
this response?
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3-Why did China have this response?
• When Europeans arrived in East Asia
and SE Asia. their goals were to trade, to
spread Christianity and to claim
territory.
4-Why did European governments claim areas
of China as spheres of influence? Be sure to
define: sphere of influence in your response.
• Europeans wanted trade and used
warships to force China to open its ports.
• By the 1890s, European governments and
Japan had claimed large areas of China
as spheres of influence.
• A sphere of influence is an area of a
country where a single foreign power has
been granted exclusive trading rights.
5- Chiang Kai-shek formed the Nationalist
government.
6- Mao Zedong was the leader of the
Communists.
7-After years of civil war, the Communists
won power in 1949.
8-Explain what happened in China
between the Nationalists and Communists
in 1949 after the civil war.
• The Communists set up the People’s
Republic of China on the Chinese
mainland.
• The Nationalists fled to the offshore
island of Taiwan. There, they set up a
government called the Republic of China.
9-Explain what led Japan to fight the
United States and other Allied countries in
World War II.
• The Japan had few resources to support
its industry.
• By 1940, Japan had invaded and gained
control of Taiwan, Korea, other parts of
mainland Asia and various Pacific
islands.
• This expansion was led Japan to fight the
United States and its allies in World War
II.
10-After World War II ended, Korea was divided
into an American-backed South Korea and
Communist-ruled North Korea. North Korea
wanted to unite the two Koreas, so it invaded
South Korea in 1950.
11-United Nations forces led by the United States
rushed to support South Korea. China’s
Communist leaders eventually sent troops to help
North Korea. The Korean War ended in 1953 in a
truce, but without a peace treaty or a victory for
either side.
12-Look at the map on page 709 and answer the
following: Which country controlled the following
SE Asian countries as a colony?
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Myanmar: Great Britain
Indonesia: the Netherlands
Philippines Spain [US after 1898]
Malaysia: Great Britain
Vietnam: France
13- After independence, political conflicts and wars
raged throughout SE Asia.
In Vietnam, Communist forces defeated the
French in 1954. The Communists ruled
North Vietnam and an American-supported
government ruled South Vietnam.
14-In the 1960s, fighting between these two groups
led to the Vietnam War. During this conflict,
American forces helped fight against the
Communists. By the late 1960s, many Americans
opposed the war. The United States eventually
withdrew its troops in 1973. At least 2 million
people, including 58,000 Americans died in the
Vietnam War. About 10 million South Vietnamese
became refugees.
15-What happened to Japan since the end
of World War II? Provide at least 5 facts.
• Japan was occupied by troops of the United
States and its allies.
• Japan’s military was reduced in size and
Japan adopted a democratic constitution.
• Japanese women and workers gained more
rights.
• Japan’s economy was in ruins.
• While the military occupation of Japan ended
in 1952, the United States maintained
military bases there for many years.
16-Explain how the United States helped
create an economic boom in Japan.
•During the Korean War, American troops needed war supplies.
•To have a source of supplies nearby, the United States invested
$3.5 billion into Japan’s factories.
•Japanese shipbuilders, manufacturers and electronics
industries all benefited. This aid created an economic boom in
Japan.
•Japan’s government and industry began to invest heavily in the
research and development of electronics products for the home.
•Today, Japan has the world’s second-largest economy after the
United States.
•Japan is a major exporter of automobiles, cameras and
electronic goods such as computers, televisions and sound
systems.
17-Who are the “Asian Tigers”?
• A group of countries and territories who
have built strong, modern economies:
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South Korea
Taiwan
Singapore and the Chinese port of
Hong Kong
18-How have the “Asian Tigers” built
strong economies?
• Their governments followed Japan’s
example by investing in research and
development of electronics.
19-What changes led to economic growth in
China starting in the late 1970s?
•China’s economic growth took longer because, under
communism, most businesses in the country were owned and
run by the government.
•China’s farms and industries failed to produce enough of the
kinds of goods that the economy needed in order to grow.
•To create growth, China began a number of free market reforms
in 1979 by relaxing its control over factories and farms:
•Factory managers could decide what goods to produce
and what prices to charge.
•Farmers were allowed to sell their crops for a profit.