Transcript Industrial Revolution - EHSWorldStudiesJackoboice2011-2012

Hook 4.14.2010
 Why
do you think the Industrial
Revolution started?
Industrial Revolution
1700-Present day
Britain- “Workshop of the World”
 Blessed
with coal and iron ore
deposits
 Rich colonial trade-United States,
Caribbean, India
 Adequate banking system to control
the new markets-developed credit
process and allowed people to keep a
savings in bank
 Perfect Social Class structure
 The government formed a policy of
noninterference in personal
Britain cont…
 London
was the largest city in
Europe
 Took the lead in consumer
 Center of the fashion
 Largest free trade area in Europe
 Good Roads and Waterways
 No internal tariffs
 Political Stability
Change in Industry
 Cotton
made the first step from
Cottage System to Factory System in
1770
 The pressure for more technology for
the cotton industry pushed all others
to advance all means of production
 Cheap cotton made it possible for
millions of poor to now afford
undergarments
 Cotton became BR’s most lucrative
product
British Factories
 BR
goods were sold everywhere in
the world
 Steam Engine in 1800s
revolutionized the production of
cotton
 Steam engine proved indispensable
 Steam engine, unlike a person, was
tireless
Revolution in Transportation
 RR
blew all modes of transportation
away-greatest factor promoting
European economic progress in the
1830s and 40s
 RR got their start in Germany in
1500 and in BR with coal in the
1600s-these were small handcarts
pulled by cows or humans
Textile Factories
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Factory became the chief means of organizing
labor, work place shifted from artisan/cottage to
factory
People were paid wages, no ownership in product
Demands a new type of discipline from the
employees
Laborers had a difficultly with the new laws of
factory life, workers were forced to work regular
hours in a job that was boring and repetitive
The workers were punished or fined for being late
and could be fired if drunk at work
Children were punished the worst since they were
beaten for behaving badly
Laziness and wastefulness became sins
Hook
 What
does Cottage Industry mean:
IR in France
 France
had far less coal than England.
 Demand for goods was less
 Small family farms remained very
common
 Their banking system also lagged
behind Britain.
 The government also limited the
production of industry
 The production of quality items still
moved industry higher in France with
gloves, umbrellas, and boots.
IR in Germany
 Lagged
behind Britain and France
for 3 main reasons
Multiplicity
of the Independent states
Labyrinth of tolls and customs barriers
Monopolies held by guilds
 The
German states took a major
step towards industrialization
when they formed the Zollverein,
a customs union, in 1834.
IR in US
1800 United States was agrarian with no
city over 100,000 people
 6/7 Americans were farmers
 By 1860 the population exploded from 5
mil. to 30 million.-larger than GB
 Almost half lived west of the Appalachians
 Now only 50% of pop lived off farms
 Women made up 80% of pop. in factories
 1830’s and 40’s huge rush of immigrants
from Ireland, Scotland, and Wales flooded
America
 BR could NOT compete with the American
output in products
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The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
Dramatic population increase
 Europe was the most densely populated
continent in the world.
 Increase did NOT come from more births,
but fewer deaths
 Increase in food supply
 Wealthy move to the suburbs
 Artisans lived in small row houses near
the city
 New products make life better for upper
class
 Faster Transportation
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Bad side effects
Cholera tore a deadly path through much
of Europe in the 1830’s and reappeared in
the 1890’s.
 Severe congestion in the countryside led
to the famine.
 Poor live in the depths of the city
 Sanitation did NOT exist
 City streets were sewers
 Smelled horrible-death traps
 Food was rotten in the city and additives
were used to make it look safe
 Government refused to intervene and
clean up the city

New Social Class emerges
 New
bourgeoisie class involved in
commerce and banking
 New class built factories, brought in
new machines
 The men become the sole providers
for the family and women stay home
with the children
 All children are sent to school
Working class
 New
families that moved from the
farm to the city
 Enjoyed little to NO luxuries in life
 Large families/ Children=Wages
 Life expectancy falls
 Many families share one house
Working in a Factory
12/16 hours days, 6 days a week
 30 minute lunch and dinner breaks
 Worst places to work were cotton factories
and coal mines
 Coal miners had to work in tunnels no
larger than 3-4 feet high, horrible
pollution
 Child Labor was exploited-easier to force
into jobs, few would stand up for children,
paid less than half of an
adult male, made up 50%
of the labor force
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Reforms against injustice in the city
1848-Public Health Act went into affect to aid
problems of Sanitation-Cholera
 1830/1840-Child Labor Laws finally created,
but no one followed them. It was in
everyone's best interest to ignore the rule to
make a profit
 Factory Act of 1802/1891:
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– limited hours of work to 12 for all under 16
– No children under 9 can work
– Only laws for Cotton mills
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Factory Act 1833:
– Children 9-13 8 hours/2 hours of education
– Children 13-18 12 hours days
– Included all Factories
Hook
 What
were the Factory acts of 1833
World Reforms
 Reform
for the world came with the IR
 Liberalism – emerged supporting
government protection of individual rights
and civil liberties
 All wanted suffrage – the right to vote
 Socialism – All equal in the government
 Slavery is abolished in 1833 in all nations
except the U.S.
Victorian Age
Did not experience revolts in 1848
– Economic growth-middle class say
improvements in life
Wages increased
British feelings of national pride
 Queen Victoria (1837 – 1901) reflected the age
– There was a sense of pride in ones hard work
and merit in England.
– Charles Darwin’s beliefs on the survival of
the fittest were rampant throughout England.
Time in England was the Victorian Era.
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England Politically
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Disraeli
Leader of the Tory
party, now called
conservatives
Reform Act of 1867
Supporter of
expansionism and
saving the Great British
Empire
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Gladstone
Prime Minister (1868–74,
1880–85, 1886 and 1892–
94).
Leader of the Whigs now
liberal party
Home Rule Bill 1914 - est.
Irish self government
Let government jobs
earned through civil
service exam
Secret Ballot
No purchasing of military
commissions
Education Act of 1870
Hook 3.23.09
 How
did Charles Darwin make people
more nationalistic?
Britain overseas-Canada
 Upper
Canada was English Speaking
 Lower Canada was French speaking
 By 1800 want more autonomy-desire
for self government 1815-1850
 By 1837 several groups rebelled
against British
 The Dominion of Canada, 1867
– Own Constitution, own PM, own
Parliament
– Foreign affairs were controlled by Britain
Britain overseas- New Zealand and
Australia
 Britain
took over Australia with the
world traveler James Cook 1770
– Used as a penal colony
– 1901 Commonwealth status
 New
Zealand – Founded by James
cook in 1820
– 1852- Self governing/ new constitution
– 1893 – 1st country in the world to grant
women rights to vote
– 1907 – British dominion
Reform in France
 After
Napoleon- Louis XVIII took
over the nation
 1824 Louis XVIII died and his
brother Charles X took over
 Charles X wanted absolute power
and the people of France revolted in
June and July
 Charles X ran away and Louis
Philippe took the throne
France cont…
New leader Louis Philippe ruled under a
Republic
 French parliament approved of this new
government
 Monarchists hated this new rule- they
wanted a king
 1848 Louis Philippe is run out of the
country and Louis Napoleon takes over
 Ruled under the Napoleon III
 Napoleon III like he uncle will rule as an
emperor
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Russia
 Looking
for water for trade
 Attack the Ottoman Empire for their
seas- Black and Baltic
 Crimean war- Ottoman Empire vs.
Russia in 1854
 Russians are defeated when every
power in Europe aligns with
Ottomans
 Russia falls back into isolation
United States in 1840s
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The United States: Civil War and Reunion
– Differences between North and South
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The cotton economy-south, social class based on slavery
Northern economy was industrial and focused on social class based on
skills
1850s slavery caused the Whig party to collapse and
the Democrats split North and south
Election of Abraham Lincoln debate intensifies
between North and South in the 1860s
– secession of South Carolina, 1860
– Feb 1861 6 more states joined South Carolina
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Civil War, 1861-1865
– North has the advantage
– 1863 Emancipation Proclamation-all slaves free in the Nation
– Robert E Lee doesn’t officially surrender until April 1865