Transcript The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial
Revolution
World History
Pre-Industrial Revolution
Village life dominated
– nearly self sufficient
 Most villagers were
farmers – simple
methods were used
 Entire family was
involved
 Early industries –
wool & coal (domestic
system)
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Industrial Revolution Begins In
Great Britain
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Had capital
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Large scale farming
Commerce
Slave trade (?)
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Had natural resources
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Coal
 Iron ore
 Large network of rivers
 Good harbors
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Labor Supply
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Growing population
Improved farming (crop rotation)
Farm workers moved to industrial
areas (enclosures)
Entrepreneurs
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Growth of Industry
Growth of factories – use
water, coal, and steam to
power textile machinery
 Canals link coal fields and
industrial centers
 Steam powered engines
for ships and boats
 Spreads to France,
Germany, and
Northeastern United
States
 Mass production from
interchangeable parts,
division of labor, and the
assembly line
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Effects of the Industrial
Revolution
World History
Positive Effects
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Increased world productivity
Synthetic materials are
developed
New inventions improved
quality of life for many
Growth of railroads
Death rates fell (people ate
better and kept cleaner)
Birth rates fell (family planning
practiced because people didn’t
need large families to ensure
survival)
Population growth stabilized
New entrepreneurs emerge
Labor eventually organizes
(unions)
Positive Effects
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New opportunities for
women
Rise of the middle class –
size, power, and wealth
expanded
Social structure becomes
more flexible
Mechanization increased
farm production
Application of science to
study of health resulted
in preventative medicine
(?) Steamship travel
allowed for Europeans to
reach interior of
continents
Negative Effects
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Handicraft workers were displaced
(some fall into poverty)
Child labor used in factories &
mines
Miserable working conditions workplaces were cramped and
dirty year round
Monotonous work with heavy,
noisy, repetitive machinery
Dangerous working conditions –
fingers, limbs & lives lost
Long working hours – six days a
week
Rigid schedules ruled each day
Gas, candle & oil lamps created
soot and smoke in factories
Diseases such as pneumonia &
tuberculosis spread through
factories
Negative Effects
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Coal dust in coal mines led to
breathing problems
Labor unrest leads to
demonstrations (sometimes
violent)
Strikes take place
Women were paid less than
men (were actually preferred)
Indentured workers
Employers had a more
impersonal relationship with
employees
Tenement housing was poorly
constructed, crowded, and
cold
Human and industrial waste
contaminated water supplies –
typhoid and cholera spread
Negative Effects
Air pollution increased over
cities and industrial areas
 Technological changes
eroded the balance of
power in Europe
 Contributed to the growth
of imperialism and
communism (Marx’s &
Engels’ theories)
 Produced weaponry that
gave Western nations a
military advantage over
developing nations
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Not Necessarily Good or Bad
The location of work places changed as
more goods were produced away from the
home environment
 Educational systems emphasized more
science, technology, and business
 A global economy began to emerge
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Economic Effects
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New inventions and
development of factories
Rapidly growing industry
in the 1800s
Increased production and
higher demand for raw
materials growth of
worldwide trade
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Population explosion and
expanding labor force
Exploitation of mineral
resources
Highly developed banking
and investment system
Advances in
transportation,
agriculture, and
communication
Social Effects
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Increase in
population of cities
Lack of planning
Loss of family stability
Expansion of middle
class
Harsh conditions for
laborers, including
children
Workers’ progress
versus laissez-faire
economic attitudes
 Improved standard of
living
 Creation of new jobs
 Encouragement of
technological progress
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Political Effects
Child labor laws to
end abuses
 Reformers urging
equal distribution of
wealth
 Trade unions formed
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Social reform
movements, such as
utilitarianism,
utopianism, socialism,
and Marxism
 Reform bills in
Parliament and
Congress
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