Transcript The Eukaryotic Cell

The Eukaryotic Cell
Chapter 3 Section 2 Notes
Eukaryotic Cells
 All eukaryotic cells have linear DNA, a nucleus, and
membrane-bound organelles
 All eukaryotic cells have the following organelles in
common:
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Cell membrane
Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Golgi complexes
Lysosomes
vacuoles
Only plant cells and algae have
1. cell walls
2. chloroplasts
Fungi also have cell walls
Parts of the Eukaryotic
Cell
 Plant cells, algae and
Fungi have rigid cell
walls
 Outermost structure
to give the cell
support
The cells walls of this onion skin
can easily be seen.
Parts of the Eukaryotic
Cell
 CYTOSKELETON
 Made of protein
fibers
 Helps retain shape of
cell
Nucleus
 Contains cell’s DNA
 Double Membrane
 Has nucleolus that
stores materials to
make proteins
 Messages of how to
make proteins are
sent out of nucleus to
ribosomes
Ribosomes
 Smallest of the
organelles
 Some are free-floating
and some are not
 Make proteins
 All cells need proteins to
live
 Proteins are made from
20 amino acids (organic
compounds)
Ribosomes attached to E.R.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Where chemical
reactions occur
 Folded membranes
 Production,
processing, and
transportations of
proteins
Smooth and Rough ER
 Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
 Usually located near
the nucleus
 Where most proteins
are made
 Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
 Made lipids and
breaks down toxins
that could damage
cell
Mitochondria
 Maine power source
 Sugar is broken
down to produce
energy
 Have their own DNA
and can divide within
cell
Chloroplast
 In plants and algae
 Where photosynthesis
(making of own food)
takes place
 Plants are green
because of pigment
called chlorophyll in
chloroplasts
 Chlorophyll traps
sunlight to aid in
photosynthesis
Golgi Complexes
 Packages and
distributes proteins
 Proteins and lipids are
transported from ER
here where they are
modified to do different
jobs
 Final products are
enclosed in small bubble
called vesicles
 Then the vesicle moves
in or out of the cell with
the material
Lysosomes
 Vesicles responsible
for digestion
 They destroy wornout cells, damaged
cells, gets rid of
waste, and protects
the cell from foreign
invaders
Lysosome in the process of destroying an old
mitochondria organelle.
Vacuoles
 In plant and animal
cells
 Stores water and
other materials