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Francais I
Le passé composé
Talking about the past
Passé Composé
The passé composé is the most common
French past tense. The passé composé can
express any of the following:
1. An action completed in the past.
2. An action completed a number
of times in the past.
3. A series of actions completed in
the past.
The passé composé has three
English equivalents.
• For example: J’ai dansé can mean
1. I danced.
2. I have danced.
3. I did dance.
The passé composé has two parts:
To form the P.C., first conjugate
the auxiliary verb (être or avoir)
in the present tense.
être
je suis
tu es
il/elle/on est
nous sommes
vous êtes
ils/elles sont
(OR)
avoir
j’ai
tu as
il/elle/on a
nous avons
vous avez
ils/elles ont
Then, after you conjugate avoir or être, you
add the past participle of the verb being
expressed. You do not need to conjugate
this verb. The past participle for all regular
–er verbs is formed the same way:
change the –er to an é
parler  parlé
jouer  joué
manger  mangé
arriver  arrivé
**There are other rules and ways for forming past participles for other kinds
of verbs (like irregular verbs). For now, just write out and memorize the past
participles as they are given to you.
When put together, it looks like
this:
(or)
Je suis arrivé
Tu es arrivé
Il est arrivé
Elle est arrivée
Nous sommes arrivés
Vous êtes arrivés
Ils sont arrivés
Elles sont arrivées
J’ai dansé
Tu as dansé
Il a dansé
Elle a dansé
Nous avons dansé
Vous avez dansé
Ils ont dansé
Elles ont dansé
How do you know when to use
être and when to use avoir??
You will just have to memorize the verbs
that use être. Most all other verbs will
use avoir.
For now, we will ONLY practice those
verbs that use être.
****SPECIAL NOTE****
• Verbs that use être as the auxiliary verb
MUST agree with the subject in number AND
gender!!! If it is feminine, you must add an “-e.”
If it is plural, you must add an “-s.” If it is both
feminine AND plural, you add an “-es.”
Example:
Il est tombé.
Elle est tombée
Ils sont tombés
Elles sont tombées
The following verbs use être in
the passé composé:
(in alphabetical order)
Verb
aller
Definition
to go
Past Participle
allé(e)(s)
arriver
to arrive
arrivé(e)(s)
descendre
to descend/
to go downstairs
devenir
to become
devenu(e)(s)
entrer
to enter
entré(e)(s)
descendu(e)(s)
Verb
Definition
Past participle
monté(e)(s)
monter
to climb
mourir
to die
mort(e)(s)
naître
to be born
né(e)(s)
partir
to leave
parti(e)(s)
passer
to pass
passé(e)(s)
rentrer
to come back
rentré(e)(s)
Verb
Definition
rester
to stay
retourner
to return
Past Participle
resté(e)(s)
retourné(e)(s)
to come back/
to come again
revenu(e)(s)
to go out
sorti(e)(s)
tomber
to fall
tombé(e)(s)
venir
to come
venu(e)(s)
revenir
sortir
To make a verb negative in the passé
composé, place ne/n’ and pas around
the auxiliary verb, être
Examples:
Il n’est pas tombé.
Elle n’est pas tombée.
Nous ne sommes pas tombés.
There are two tricks to help
you memorize those verbs that
use être in the passé composé:
- DR. & MRS VANDERTRAMPP
- Maison d’être
DR. & MRS. VANDERTRAMPP
• Descendre
• Rester
• Mourir
• Retourner
• Sortir
• Venir
• Aller
• Naître
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Devenir
Entrer
Rentrer
Tomber
Revenir
Arriver
Monter
Partir
Passer
MAISON D’ÊTRE
Passé composé with avoir
• Verbs that do not use être as the
auxiliary verb in the P.C. use avoir. The
formation is still the same:
present tense of
the auxiliary verb
+
past participle
J’ai mangé
Verbs that use avoir in the P.C.
do NOT have to agree with the
subject (no extra “e” or “s” is
needed).
Il a mangé
Elle a mangé
Ils ont mangé
Elles ont mangé
Past participles for verbs are
the same, whether the
auxiliary verb is être or avoir.
regular -er verbs change the –er to “-é”
regular –ir verbs change the –ir to “-i”
regular –re verbs change the –re to “-u”
Some verbs have irregular past participles. They do not
follow a specific pattern and need to be memorized.
verb
definition
past participle
avoir
to have
eu
être
to be
été
to do/to make
fait
prendre
to take
pris
boire
to drink
bu
faire
verb
apprendre
comprendre
courir
pleuvoir
definition
to learn
to understand
past participle
appris
compris
to run
couru
to rain
plu