Transcript past and present tense

PAST AND PRESENT TENSE
PAST SIMPLE, PRESENT PERFECT, PAST
PERFECT
USE
PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT PERFECT
 An action which happened at a
 An action which happened at an
definite moment in the past
e.g. Kate wrote her novel in 1970.
 An action which began and finished
in the past and is no longer valid
under any form.
e.g. George was a trainer for 20 years.
Now he is retired.
unstated moment in time.
e.g. Kate has written many novels. (And
is still writing)
 An action which began in the past
and is still valid in the present
e.g. George has been a trainer for 20
years. He is still working.
 A finished action whose results are
visible in the present.
e.g. Look! It has rained! The pavement is
wet!
USE
PAST
PERFECT
 An action which happened before another action in the
past
e.g. She had taken an exam before she had an interview.
 A finished action whose results were visible in the past
e.g. He had injured both his legs and had to use a wheelchair
all his life. He then died in 2004.
FORM
PRESENT PERFECT
PAST PERFECT
 Auxiliary verb have / has
 Auxiliary verb had + Past
(3rd person sg) + Past
Participle (3rd form of the
verb)
e.g. I have worked in this
company for 10 years now.
She has worked for 5
years in the same company
now.
Participle (3rd form of the
verb)
e.g. I had worked there for 3
years before I moved to a
different company.
NEGATIVE FORM
PRESENT PERFECT
PAST PERFECT
 Have / has + not + Past
 Had + not + Past
Participle
e.g. They haven’t (have not)
finished their project yet.
Participle
e.g. We hadn’t arrived at the
station before the train left.
INTERROGATIVE FORM
PRESENT PERFECT
PAST PERFECT
 Have / has + subject +
 Had + subject + Past
Past Participle
e.g. Has she gone out already?
Participle
e.g. Had they saved any
money before they decided
to buy the new car?
SPECIFIC ADVERBS
PRESENT PERFECT
PAST PERFECT
JUST
ALREADY
YET
FOR
SINCE
EVER
NEVER
BEFORE
SO FAR
HOW LONG
RECENTLY
 BEFORE
 BY THE TIME
 AFTER
 UNTIL
 ALREADY
 YET
 JUST
RULES TO REMEMBER
1. THE PAST PARTICIPLE IS THE 3RD FORM OF THE
VERB
a. Regular verbs : verb + -ed: play – played - played
b. Irregular verbs: 3rd verb in the list of irregular verbs: do
– did - done
2. WHEN THE ACTIONS HAPPEN IMMEDIATELY ONE
AFTER THE OTHER IN THE PAST,YOU CAN USE
PAST SIMPLE FOR ALL THESE ACTIONS
e.g. I got in, took my coat off, and sat down.