Transcript Islam Notes
Number your paper #1-8. Write down the first word or phrase that comes to your mind for each picture. There are no right or wrong answers. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 HWH Introduction Muslims practice religion known as Islam Islam means “Submitting to God” Mostly found in Middle East, but 2 billion worldwide Due to recent events (9/11) Islam has been in the news Muhammad Before Islam, most Arabs (people living in Middle East) practiced religion w/ many gods Muhammad (570-632) Wealthy businessman who lived in Mecca At 25, married a 40 year old woman named Khadija Upset at how most Arabs lived Drinking, gambling, being unfaithful bothered him Believed the Arab gods were bad and the God of the Jews and Christians was THE ONLY GOD God was called “Allah” (father) While praying on a hill outside Mecca, Gabriel, the angel that spoke to Moses, told him to spread his message to the Arabs about God Muhammad Told people Allah is their only God Many Arabs did not want to hear this (violence) Flees to Medina This year 622 “Year of the Hijra” is first year of the calendar Other Arabs mad at Muhammad and invaded to end this new religion Muhammad and people of Medina defend their city over and over In 630, Muhammad invades Mecca Muhammad wins, but dies 2 years later Most Arabs become Muslim Spread of Islam Muhammad dies in 632 AD and father-in-law, oldest friend, Abu Bakr becomes leader of new religion “Caliph” – successor to the prophet Caliphs conquered Syria, Persia, North Africa in 25 years New “Muslim” empire treated people well Could either accept Islam, or pay a tax to empire Some killed, but many converted Many didn’t even resist their taking over Spread of Islam Tried to take over Constantinople (711) First major conflict between Muslims and Christians DID enter Europe and Moors ruled Spain Tried to enter France, defeated at Battle of Tours (732) Muslim influence in Europe stopped at Spain Spread of Islam Islam Splits Uthman: ooth-MAHN Mu’awiya: moo-AH-wee-ya Sunni: SOOH-nee Shi’ah: SHEE-ah Muslims killed their 3rd caliph, Uthman Causes BIG division in Islam Brief civil war, the next caliph Ali is killed, Mu’awiya takes over (661) Those that followed Mu’awiya called Sunni Those that followed Ali’s sons were called Shi’ah (Shiite) Violence then, violence now between the two 90% Sunni, 10% Shiite Islamic Powers Turks Originally from steppes of Asia Ruled by Sultan Moors North African Berbers Tariq led army into Spain (711) and stayed for 700 years Islamic Civilization Traders Producers: artisans, spices, textiles Astronomers Medicine Most important contribution Surgeries and hospitals Basis for Renaissance revival of medicine/learning Mathematics Art & architecture Calligraphy The Alhambra, Spain The Alhambra, Spain Quran Quran is holy book of Islam 1 God Prophets include Abraham, Jesus, & Moses Muhammad = prophet Words of angel Gabriel compiled over 23 years Believe in Judgment Day and human resurrection Quran & 5 Pillars Contains Muhammad’s writings for proper living Five Pillars of Faith 1st -Must say Muhammad is God’s prophet 2nd-Must pray 5 times a day facing the direction of Mecca 3rd-Give money to charity 4th-People must fast during Ramadan, the Holy Month, during the daylight 5th-Every Muslim must travel to Mecca once to pray and worship (Hajj) Kaaba in Mecca Islamic Culture Requires a strict code of virtuous conduct Beliefs stressed in the Koran Cannot drink alcohol or eat pork (like Jews) Allows for polygamy (multiple wives) Only four, must be treated equally Women can only have one husband Allowed slavery, but encouraged freedom Jihad Idea of Jihad—“Struggle” (Holy War) Interpreted differently (violent vs. nonviolent) Anyone who died in this kind of “struggle” would receive blessings in heaven Major issue today Worship Muslims worship in mosques No images or statues (not even Muhammad) No ceremonies or priesthood Prayer services led my learned Muslims Women pray separately from men in mosques Common features Minaret (tower), dome, and no furniture Mirab: niche that points toward Kaaba in Mecca