Transcript Organic Chem & BioChem PowerPoint

Organic Chemistry &
Biochemistry Vocabulary
Words
Mrs. Lee
Organic Compounds
 They are complex molecules made by organisms
containing carbon as their “backbone” & usually
hydrogen.
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Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
 The ability of carbon to bond to other elements, &
to allow different arrangements of atoms
contributes to the diversity of carbon compounds.
 Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus
& sulfur (CHNOPS) make up about 99% of the
mass of all living organisms
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Organic Compounds (continued)
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Hydrocarbons
 They are molecules composed of hydrogen
& carbon.
 They are important because they are the
backbones of other organic compounds
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Hydrocarbons (continued)
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Amino Acids
 They are the building blocks of proteins.
 There are 20 different amino acids but they
all have the same basic “backbone”
structure.
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Amino Acids: (continued)
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Proteins
 They are long chains of
amino acid units that are the
main molecules from which
living things are constructed
 They have many functions
in the body:
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Structural components
Transport aids
Enzymes
Cell signals
Etc.
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Proteins (continued)
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Proteins (continued)
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Lipids
 They are organic molecules used to form
cellular & organelle membranes, the sheaths
surrounding nerve fibers, & certain hormones
 They include fats, a long-term energy source
 They are insoluable in water (repel water)
 Examples: oils, butter, lard, etc.
 They are not as easily metabolized as
carbohydrates, yet they are a more effective
means of storage. Example: 1 gram of fat
provides 2 times the energy of 1 gram of
carbohydrate
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Lipids (continued)
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Carbohydrates
 The primary energy source for living things
 Composed of: carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen
 Serve as energy sources & provide structural
support, as in the cell wall of plants
 Member of a large class of chemical compounds
that includes sugars, starches, cellulose & related
compounds
 They are produced naturally by green plants from
carbon dioxide & water
 As essential nutrients, they are the human body’s
main source of both quick & sustained energy
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Carbohydrates: i.e. -- Glucose
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Starch
 It plays a vital role in the biochemistry of
both plants & animals
 It is made in green plants by photosynthesis
& is one of the main forms in which plants
store food
 Animals obtain starch from plants & store it
as glycogen
 Both plants & animals convert starch to
glucose when energy is needed
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Starch (continued): i.e. --Amylose
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Nucleic Acids
 They are large molecules comprised of
nucleotides that carry the genetic code
 They are found in the nucleus of the cell
 Specifically they are:
– DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
– RNA (ribonucleic acid)
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Nucleic Acids (continued): DNA
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Nucleic Acids (continued): RNA
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Nucleotide
 The unit that makes up nucleic acid
 Contains a nitrogen base, a phosphate group & a
carbohydrate (sugar) molecule
 The 4 possible nucleotide bases for DNA are:
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Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
 The 4 possible nucleotide bases for RNA are:
– Adenine
– Guanine
– Cytosine
– Uracil
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Nucleotide (continued)
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Chemical Formula
 A combination of chemical symbols &
numbers to represent a substance
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Chemical Formula (continued)
1) Butane
C4H10 Used in portable lighters, home
heating fuel, portable stoves &
heaters
2) Ethane
C2H6 Used to make ethyl alcohol,
acetic acid, & other chemicals &
also used as a refrigerant
3) Methane CH4
Used as a raw material for many
synthetic products & as a major
part of natural gas
4) Propane C3H8 Use as a “bottled gas” for home
heating, portable stoves &
heaters & also as a refrigerant
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Structural Formula
 A formula that indicates the location of the
atoms, groups, or ions relative to one
another in a molecule & that indicates the
number & location of chemical bonds
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Structural Formula (continued)
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The End
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Bibliography
 http://www.jp3d.net/school/drawings/Organic_Compounds.
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http://www.icknield.beds.sch.uk/hydrocarbons.htm
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/biology/molecules_small.html
http://www.thesolutionsite.com/lesson/20054
http://www.lampstras.k12.pa.us/hschool/teachers/pitts/bio/u
n7/oldun3
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~cleslie/cs4761/lecturesspr03.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate
http://www.umanitoba.ca/Biology/lab2/biolab2_2.html
http://www.lspioneers.org/hschool/teachers/pitts/bio/un7/old/un3/starch
.gif
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Bibliography (continued)
 http://bio.winona.edu/bates/Bio241/Chapter_Outline_03.htm
 http://www.edzone.net/fulton/home/hstaff/salogarg/chem/pr
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opylene/structuresformalasandpictures.html
http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/partial/pv2137/pv213
7.html
http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/cdi.htm
http://www.acmecompany.com/Pages/stock_science.html
http://academic.mu.edu/phys/buxtoni/DW/chembasislife_file
s
http://www.angelfire.com/az/smallandcute/animal.html
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