Transcript Macromolecules of BioChemistry

+
Macromolecules of
BioChemistry
Organic Compounds
+
4 Important Macromolecules

Macromolecule is a molecule that contains a large number of
atoms

The 4 important macromolecules

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic Acids
+
Carbohydrates
+
Carbohydrates


Why are carbohydrates so important?

Short Term Energy

Structure (cell walls of plants & exoskeletons of insects)
Carbohydrates are made up of

Monomer: Monosaccharide (single sugar)

Disaccharide (double sugar)

Polysaccharide (many sugars)
+
Carbohydrates
Remember Sugars end in -ose

5 carbon sugar

Simple sugars: sucrose and cellulose

Complex sugars: Lactose and Maltose
Monosaccharide =
1 sugar
Disaccharide = 2 sugars
Polysaccharide = many sugars
+
Carbohydrates

Polysaccharide

Many sugars

Cellulose –makes up cell
walls of plant cells

Humans cannot digest
cellulose
+
Lipids
+
Lipids


Why are Lipids important?

Long term energy storage

Insulates body

Cushions body organs

Makes up the cell membrane
Monomer: Lipids are made up of Triglyceride

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
+
Lipids

Saturated fats (solid at room
temperature)



Unsaturated fats ( liquid at room
temperature)



Single bonds
butter and any other animal fat
Double bonds
Oils such as fish oil, vegetable oil,
olive oil (plant fat)
Plants produce a wax on the
outside of their leaves to prevent
water loss
+
Protein
+
Protein


Why are proteins important?

Transport O2

Growth & Repair (build muscles & bones)

Enzymes

Receptors (cell membrane)

Defense (antibodies)

Muscle Tissue, Tendons, Ligaments (connective tissue)
Monomer: Made up of 20 Amino Acids

The arrangement of amino acids determines the protein
+
Protein

Examples of Proteins:

Hemoglobin

Collagen

Catalase

Antibodies

Keratin (hair & nails)

Actin /Myosin (muscles)
+
Enzymes

Speed up a chemical reaction by lower the activation energy

Only function at certain temperatures

Very specific to what they will fit

Can be reused over and over again
+
Nucleic Acids
+
Nucleic Acids



Why are Nucleic Acids important?

Instructions for making proteins

Genetic information is passed from parent to offspring
Monomer: Made up of Nucleotides (3 parts)

5-carbon sugar

Phosphate group

Nitrogen Base
2 types of Nucleic Acids

DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid

RNA – ribonucleic acid