Transcript “Are we really what we eat?” “Where does the `stuff` that makes us

“Are we really what we eat?”
“Where does the ‘stuff’ that makes
us come from?”
-macromolecules
Compounds
•Inorganic: compound that does NOT have
carbon
•Organic: compound that HAS carbon
Sources of Food


Autotrophs make their own food but....
We are heterotrophs so we need to get our food
from other organisms
 What
are some autotrophs we eat?
 Other heterotrophs?
Why Do We Need To Eat Food?

Energy
8
characteristics of
living things “obtain
energy and materials
from other organisms”
 Provide our bodies
with materials to grow
So How Does a Cheeseburger Give Us
Energy?


Digestion: Breaks food down into molecules that
our bodies can use
Our Stars:
Carbohydrates
Lipids/ Fats
Proteins
Can you identify
these
macromolecules?
Carbohydrates

Function: Main source of energy for the body
Men’s World Record Marathon:
2h 03:38 Patrick Makau Kenya
25 September 2011 Berlin
Women’s World Record
Marathon:
2h15:25 Paula Radcliffe United
Kingdom 13 April 2003 London
Carbohydrates

Variety of Forms:
 Sugars
 Glucose
 Fructose
 Lactose
 Starch
Carbohydrates

Diet:
 Fruits
 Pastas


These sugars and
starches are the carbs
that give us energy
They are made up of
many parts called
monosaccharides
(MONOMER)
Carbohydrate Examples
-Glucose: the main source of energy in the body.
-Made from photosynthesis
Carbohydrate Examples:
-Glycogen: stored in liver and muscle cells, and is
a secondary long-term energy storage (animals)
Carbohydrate Examples:
-Starch: a stored form of energy (plants)
Carbohydrate Examples:
-Cellulose: a chain of sugar molecules that
gives the cell wall in plants their strength
Carbohydrates

Recap: Carbs like sugar (glucose) and starches are
our main source of energy. These carbs are made
up of smaller units called monosaccharides, and
can be found in foods such as pasta and fruit.
Lipids/ Fats


A calorie is a unit of
energy
When we eat more
calories than we burn,
the extra energy is
stored as what?
 Fat

Function: lipids are a
way to store energy
in the body
Lipids/ Fats

Variety of Forms
Fats
Oils
Waxes
Lipids/ Fats

Diet:
 Oils
(Olive Oil)
 Fats (animal fat)

Subunits: Lipids are
made up of many
parts called fatty
acids (MONOMER).
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats
Why one type is better for you.....
Saturated Fats: have no bends in
their chains so they are solid at
room temperature.
Unsaturated Fat: bends in chain
make this a liquid at room
temperature
Phospholipids: molecule that makes
up the cell membrane
Steroids: a type of lipid (ex. cholesterol)
Lipids/ Fats
Recap: Lipids like fats, oils, and waxes are
another source of energy. These lipids are
made up of smaller units called fatty acids, and
can be found in foods such as olive oil or butter.
Proteins

Functions:
 Form
muscles
 Control reactions
 Help move substances into cells
Proteins

Variety of forms:
 Enzymes:
control reactions
 Hormones
 hemoglobin
Proteins

Diet:
 Meats
 Nuts

Subunits:
 Proteins
acids.
are made up of many parts called amino
Proteins

Recap: Proteins like enzymes, hemoglobin, and
hormones help control reactions and create muscle.
These proteins are made up of smaller units called
amino acids, and can be found in foods such as
meats and nuts.
http://www.gamequarium.org/cgibin/search/linfo.cgi?id=8448
Nucleic Acids

Another type of macromolecule
 But

this one does not come directly from your diet
Functions:
 stores
your genetic information
 Provides instructions for making new cells
Nucleic Acids

Variety of Forms
 DNA
 RNA

Subunits:
 Nucleic
acids are made up of many parts called
nucleotides.
Nucleic Acids

Recap: Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA store
genetic information. These nucleic acids are made
up of smaller units called nucleotides.
Monomers vs. Polymers


Monomers: subunits
Polymers: “many parts”; a string of monomers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgWgLioazSo