Transcript Do you think Tibet can be called a colony of China?

Chapter 12
CHINA
THE MAKING OF THE
MODERN CHINESE STATE
Section 1
2

Politics in Action


Tiananmen Square
Geographic Setting
Eastern part of mainland Asia
 North: like the U.S. plains state in weather and
topography
 South: warmer climate
 West: mountains, deserts, and high plateaus

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3
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THE CHINESE NATION AT A GLANCE
4
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5
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THE MAKING OF THE MODERN
CHINESE STATE
6

Critical Junctures
Warlords, Nationalists, and Communists (19121949)
 Mao Zedong in Power (1949-1976)
 Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of
Chinese Communism (1977-1997)
 From Revolutionaries to Technocrats (1997 to
the Present)

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THE MAKING OF THE MODERN
CHINESE STATE
7

The Four Themes and China

China in a Globalized World of States
 1949:
China occupied a weak position in the
international system
 1950s: Soviet-style planning system
 1970s: Deng Xiaoping’s reforms to improve living
standards
 Strong sense of collective national identity
 People’s Republic of China

Communist party-state
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Where Do You Stand?
8
The Chinese Communist Party says that Mao’s
achievements far outweighed his shortcomings. What do
you think?
Is a government ever justified in using massive force
against unarmed demonstrators who are occupying a huge
public space in the national capital, as happened in
Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989?
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POLITICAL ECONOMY AND
DEVELOPMENT
9

State and Economy

China Goes to Market
 SOEs

Remaking the Chinese Countryside
 Collectivized
agriculture led to the household
responsibility system
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Section 2
China’s GDP per capita US$ (PPP)
10
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Urban and Rural Incomes in China
11
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China’s Foreign Trade
12
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POLITICAL ECONOMY AND
DEVELOPMENT
13

Society and Economy
Economic Reform
 Iron rice bowl
 Floating population
 Huge income gap
 Corruption
 One-child policy

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POLITICAL ECONOMY AND
DEVELOPMENT
14

Environmental Issues
Industrial expansion fuelled by polluting coal
 World’s largest source of CO2 emissions
 Unsustainable farming practices

 Soil
erosion, wetland destruction, deforestation, and
desertification

Water shortage
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POLITICAL ECONOMY AND
DEVELOPMENT
15

China in the Global Economy

“Reform and Opening Up”
 Use

trade to promote economic development
PRC is the world leader in exports
 “Factory

to the world”
Labor shortage due to one-child policy
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Where Do You Stand?
16
There are those who say that China’s economy under Mao
Zedong was better in some ways than that under Deng
Xiaoping and his successors. In what ways might this be
true?
Do you see the rise of China as a threat to American
interests or as an opportunity for cooperation in areas of
mutual interest?
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GOVERNANCE AND POLICYMAKING
Section 3
17

Organization of the State

Communist party-state
 Dominates
all government and social instructions
 Supporters of the socialist system

Shift toward a market economy
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GOVERNANCE AND POLICYMAKING
18

The Executive

CCP Organization
 National
Party Congress
 Central Committee
 Politburo (Political Bureau)
 Standing Committee

PRC Organization
 State
council
 Cadre
 Nomenklatura
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GOVERNANCE AND POLICYMAKING
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
Other State Institutions
The Judiciary
 Subnational Government

 Autonomous

region
The Military, Police, and Internal Security
 People’s
Liberation Army (PLA)
 Central Military Commission
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GOVERNANCE AND POLICYMAKING
20

The Policy-Making Process
1950s-1970s: top down “Mao-in-command”
system
 1980s-present: “fragmented authoritarianism”

 “Leading

small groups”
Policy process is more institutionalized and
smoother
 Less
personalized and volatile
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Where Do You Stand?
21
One of the characteristics of a communist party-state is its
commitment to Marxism-Leninism as the official ideology.
Does the United States have an ideology?
Because of the dominant role of a single political party,
China’s policy-making process certainly doesn’t suffer from
political paralysis. Do you think that’s a good thing?
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REPRESENTATION AND
PARTICIPATION
22

The Legislature
Socialist democracy
 National People’s Congress

 Unicameral
legislature
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Section 4
REPRESENTATION AND
PARTICIPATION
23

Political Parties and the Party System
The Chinese Communist Party
 China’s Non-Communist “Democratic Parties”

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OCCUPATION OF CCP MEMBERS (2011)
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REPRESENTATION AND
PARTICIPATION
25

Elections

Most are indirect elections
 Already-elected
members elect those who will serve
at the next-highest level

Direct elections
 Most
common in rural villages
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REPRESENTATION AND
PARTICIPATION
26

Political Culture, Citizenship, and Identity
From Communism to Consumerism
 China’s Non-Chinese Citizens

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REPRESENTATION AND
PARTICIPATION
27

Interest Groups, Social Movements, and
Protest

CCP supports official mass organizations
 Increase

in NGOs since late 1990s
Protest and the Party-State
 Tiananmen
Massacre of 1989
 Falun Gong Movement
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REPRESENTATION AND
PARTICIPATION
28

The Political Impact of Technology

Chinese party-state wants citizens to become
computer literate
 Also

want to define and dictate Internet use
Technology empowers citizens
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REPRESENTATION AND
PARTICIPATION
29
China claims it is a socialist democracy.
Can socialism and democracy co-exist?
Do you think Tibet can be called a colony of
China? Why or why not?
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CHINESE POLITICS IN
TRANSITION
Section 5
30

Political Challenges and Changing
Agendas
More people living in cities than the countryside
 Rapid (planned) urbanization
 Global financial crisis of 2008


China and the Democratic Idea
“Market-Leninism”
 Resurgence of civil society

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CHINESE POLITICS IN
TRANSITION
31

Youth Politics and the Generational Divide

China’s “Graying Population”
 Over
60-year-olds are the most rapidly expanding
age group

Higher education is expanding
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CHINESE POLITICS IN
TRANSITION
32

Chinese Politics in Comparative
Perspective

China as a Communist Party-State
 Totalitarianism

China as a Developing Country
 More
successful than many other nations
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Where Do You Stand?
33
Do you think that the Chinese Communist Party
will still be in power in 2049, one hundred years
after the founding of the People’s Republic?
Do you think China is ready for democracy?
Would democracy be good for China?
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