Transcript PowerPoint - Canola in the Classroom

How to Grow Winter Canola
“It All Starts With The Seed”
© 2009 OSU Canola in the Classroom
Canola Growth and Development
Divided into easily recognizable growth
stages.
Length of each growth state is
influenced by temperature, moisture,
light, nutrition, and variety.
The growing point of winter canola is
above the soil.
Canola Growth Stages
 Seedling
 Rosette
 Bolting
 Flowering
 Maturation
 Ripening
Seedling/Cotyledon
 Emerges 4-10 days after planting
 Growing point above the ground
 True leaves visible 4 -8 days after
emergence
 Seedbed conditions more critical than
wheat
Rosette
 Larger, older leaves at the base, smaller, newer
leaves at the center
 Most tolerant to freeze damage at this stage
 5 -8 true leaves and 6”-8” fall
growth to increase winter survival
 Overwinters in this growth stage
 Stem length remains unchanged but thickens
Bolting
 Growth resumes in late winter/early spring
(Feb/Mar)
 Bolting does not occur until after 700
to 800 hours of chilling temperature.
 Vegetative rest ends when temperatures are
steadily greater than 41℉
 Stem elongates and flower parts become visible at
the center of the rosette
 Reaches 30-60% of total height before flowering
Flowering
Buds at the base of the stem open first
3-5 flowers open per day
Flowers 2-4 weeks
Only half the flowers turn into
productive pods
Ripening
 Characterized by plant color changes
 Stems and pods turn yellow and brittle
 Seed coat turns from green to brown
 Seed moisture is lost at 2-3% per day
 Ripe when the pods are dry and rattle when
shaken
 Plant dies when seeds in all pods are mature
Field Site Selection
 Medium-textured, well drained soils
 Cannot tolerate water logged conditions
 Soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0
 Consideration of past herbicide
applications
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYSzn
UDCzy0
Seed Varieties
 Most important factor is winter survival
 Other factors include: oil quality, seed yield,
shattering, and disease resistance
 Never plant seeds without seed treatment
 Several Roundup Ready varieties
 Wichita, Sumner and DeKalb 47-15 most
common varieties to the region
Seeding Date
 Plant late August to early October
 Plant six weeks prior to the first killing
frost for the area (25℉)
 Planting too early or two late will decrease
winter survival
 If winter canola cannot be planted by Oct.
1, plant small grains instead
Seeding Rate, Depth and Row
Spacing
 Seeding rate of 5 pounds per acre
 Harvest rate of 4-10 plants per acre is ideal
 Do not just plow under poor stand in spring, plant will
develop additional branches and fill in spacing
 Reduce seeding rate by 1 pound/acre for each week
before optimum planting and increase 1 pound/acre for
each week beyond optimum planting.
 Best germination and emergence occur at seeding
depths of ½” to 1”
 6”-15” row spacing is acceptable
Fertilizer Application
 Test soil prior to seedbed establishment
(N,P,K,S)
 25% more N (90-150 pounds/acre) than wheat
 Twice as much S required as wheat
 Only 1/3 of N applied in August before planting
 Other 2/3 applied in Jan/Feb prior to dormancy
break
Weeds, Insects, and Disease
 Dense growth of leaves usually makes the crop a strong
competitor against weeds
 Herbicides currently labeled for weed control in winter canola
include Treflan, Stinger Select, Assure II, and Roundup Ultra
Max II on Roundup Ready winter canola varieties.
 Diseases can attack canola at any stage of development
 Soil borne, seed borne, or airborne
 Blackleg, Sclerotinia stem rot, powdery mildew, Alternaria
black spot, and aster yellows
 Fungicides include Abound, Curalan, Ronilan, Quadris,
Endura, M-Pede, and Trilogy.
Weeds, Insects and Disease Cont.
 Winter canola production in the region has been
limited, these pests have not posed a large threat or
problem.
 Starting in November and continuing through
harvest, scouting should be done on the field to
identify insect infestations
 Flea beetles, cabbage seedpod weevils, cabbage
worms, alfalfa looper, diamond moth larvae, and
aphids
 Insecticides include Helix (seed treatment), Capture,
Warrior T, Confirm, methyl and ethyl parathion as
well as several others.
Harvesting
 Harvest early June through July
 Winter canola is either swathed and then
combined or combined directly
 Should be harvested immediately when
ripe to avoid shattering
 Plug any holes in the combine and truck
to prevent seed loss