Transcript Fishes which have been predicted to establish in the ASEAN

"Integration of biodiversity data recording and information management systems for environmental sustainability: a call for EU ASEAN collaboration”
ASEAN-EU Science, Technology & Innovation (STI) Bangkok, Thailand
21-23 January 2014
Using FishBase and aMaps
to predict IAS establishment, species
ranges and risk assessment
Christine Marie V. Casal
FishBase Information and Research Group, Inc. (FIN)
G. S. Khush Hall, IRRI College, Los Baños 4031 Laguna, Philippines
is a partner of
Outline
Importance of fish in the ASEAN
FishBase and AquaMaps
Invasiveness Tool/Predictive Maps
Information Gaps
Challenges
Strategies to Accumulate Data
Possible collaborations
Importance of fish in the ASEAN
Food and nutrition security - preferred item in diets of
many, especially poor people (Phillips et al., 2013).
Globally an important aquaculture region. Growth in
production 115% from 2003-2008 (WorldFish, 2011).
Globally, nutritional dependence on marine ecosystems is
highest in SEA, while coastal dependency is highest in the
Philippines (Rockefeller Foundation, 2013).
Fish demand growth rate (2007-2015)
From: Cai (2011)
Climate change modifies species ranges
SEA Species Richness Maps (P>0.5)
2010
2050
Tropics are highly vulnerable, fish would be migrating to their comfortable temperatures,
some commercial species would be lost (moved).
Fishes which have been introduced and
established in the ASEAN
Countries
No. of fishes
established
Brunei
3
Cambodia
13
Indonesia
20
Laos
12
Malaysia
20
Myanmar
14
Philippines
46
Singapore
56
Thailand
22
Vietnam
19
Competed
and/or preyed on
indigenous species
Oreochromis mossambicus
L.Lovshin
Clarias gariepinus
R. Green
From FishBase 2014
Parachromis managuensis
B.Y. Tang
ASEAN aquatic
ecosystems
highly
vulnerable to
climate change
Invasive species
also threaten
aquatic
ecosystems
Food security
from aquatic
ecosystems
threatened.
FishBase and AquaMaps
32,700 Species (finfish), 302,100 Common
names, 53,400 Pictures, 49,500 References, 2,090
Collaborators. 700,000 Visits/Month (version 12/2013)
www.fishbase.org
Standardized distribution maps for over 17,300 species of
fishes, marine mammals and invertebrates (version 8/2013)
www.aquamaps.org
Information in FishBase and SeaLifeBase
Morphology & Physiology
Metabolism ● Gill area
Vision ● Disease
Brain ● Abnormalities
Ecotoxicology ● Swim mode
●
Occurrence ● FAO areas
Country ● Ecosystem
Introductions
Reproduction &
Life History
Maturity ● Spawning ● Eggs
Larvae ● Broodstock ● Fry nursery
Larval dynamics ● Larval speed
Genetics & Aquaculture
Electrophoresis
Heritability
Distribution
Strains
Trophic Ecology
Fish as Food
Ecology ● Predators
Food items
Diet composition
Food consumption
Ration
Processing ● Ciguatera
FAO catches
Aquaculture
(production)
Population Dynamics
Growth/Mortality ● L/W relations
Maximum sizes ● Recruitment
L/L relations ● Length frequency
Other Tables
Pictures ● References
Biblio ● Keys ● Sounds
What are AquaMaps?
Model-based, large-scale
predictions of known natural
occurrence of marine species
Originally developed by Kaschner et
al. (2006) to predict global
distributions of marine mammals
Uses estimates of environmental
tolerances of a species with
respect to a set environmental
parameters
Predictions made by matching
species tolerances (environmental
envelope) against local
environmental conditions to
determine suitability of area for a
given species
Probabilities of species occurrence
shown in color-coded species range
map (0.5° x 0.5° resolution)
Predicting species ranges using environmental envelopes
Pterois volitans
Native range
J. E. Randall
Now reported in the
Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto
Rico, Venezuela and most of
the Caribbean.
In the US, from Texas,
Louisiana, Florida, North and
South Carolina Virginia and
as far north as New York and
Rhode Island.
Suitable habitat
Minimum Information
 Depth range – min-max; common depth
 Environment – adult feeding and breeding
environment
 Occurrence – point data (geographic
coordinates)
 Bounding box coordinates – northernmost,
southernmost, westernmost and
easternmost limits of native range
Decapterus maruadsi
Chia, B.
Japanese scad
Galunggong
 FAO areas – fishery statistical areas (FAO)
where found/collected
Species and online point databases are primary sources of key minimum input data.
Decapterus maruadsi
Japanese scad
Galunggong
Species Environmental Envelopes:
2010
Relative probabilities of
occurrence:
Maps are produced by the CMAR
Hosted at http://www.obis.org.au
2050
SEA Species Richness Maps (P>0.5)
2010
2050
AquaMaps for different species can be analyzed together to illustrate patterns
in marine biodiversity for different species groups.
Map of predicted drop in species counts in SEA by the year 2050 (based on IPCC SRES A1B)
Risk assessment for invasive species
Information in FishBase
Species introductions (~5000 records)
Natural distribution
Establishment
Use (aquaculture or ornamental)
Biological characteristics
The Invasiveness page
reports species which may be able to
establish in natural waters of a country.
excludes species which are native or
endemic to the country.
Preliminary table risk assessment based on information from 800
published documents and contributions from collaborators.
Sieves of the Invasiveness Tool
All Fish Species
Commercially utilized in the
Ornamental or Aquaculture
industry
Have at least one reported
establishment record
Justification
transported more frequently in high numbers. (propagule pressure) More
alien species in the country means more chances of it escaping to the wild and
establishing.
species which have been able to establish and self propagate in their nonnative environments. Have the capacity to proliferate and expand their
distribution.
Country level limitations
Non-indigenous
with a natural climate similar
to the country
This list will only include non-indigenous species.
Species which escape to new environments with temperatures similar to where
they came from may live, reproduce, and have a chance to become invasive in
these new environments.
Incomplete
30 of the 46 species listed
here have been predicted
by the invasiveness tool
Fishes introduced and
established in waters of the
Philippines
Fishes which have been predicted to
establish in the ASEAN
Countries
No. of fishes
established
No. of aquaculture and
ornamental fishes
predicted to establish
Brunei
3
140
Cambodia
13
110
Indonesia
20
107
Laos
12
154
Malaysia
20
112
Myanmar
14
118
Philippines
46
127
Singapore
56
137
Thailand
22
101
Vietnam
19
150
104 fish species have
established in the
ASEAN, however this
is incomplete.
Of the 42 species
listed, 21 are
established in
ASEAN waters!
Marine, Brackish,
Fresh
Distribution
Establishment
Temp range
Growth
Env Temp
Max length
Longevity
No. of countries
Resilience
Importance
Trophic level
(aquaculture,
fisheries, etc.)
Family
Diet
Risk
Assessment
Reproduction
Genus
Parental Care
Species
Fecundity
Data necessary for risk assessment
(species introductions)
Information Gaps for use in risk assessment:
Longevity
Temperature
ranges
Reproduction,
parental care,
fecundity
Species
establishment,
etc.
Possible area for
collaboration: improve the
coverage of information for
all important fish species in
the ASEAN, e.g. life history
Mortality
Predator
Eggs
Genetics
Larvae
Maturity
Diet
Spawning
Growth
LengthWeight
13.1
12.9
16
10.4
18
24.9
24.9
22.9
30.3
42.7
46.2
Cambodia
(956)
7.9
12.2
11.5
18.2
16.6
24.2
22.8
29.3
24.6
40.1
Indonesia
(4716)
2.6
7.9
13.7
7.6
13
10.9
12
9.2
10
1.9
2.9
4.8
18.2
2.9
7.9
7
20.9
Malaysia
(1984)
5.7
11.6
13.1
13.6
17.3
19.8
20.1
Myanmar
(1040)
8.8
14.2
12.4
20.9
16.6
22
Philippines
(3433)
3.6
10.2
18
9.8
17.6
Singapore
(694)
10.8
15.3
18.7
18.4
Thailand
(2270)
5.1
11.5
11.8
Vietnam
(2357)
5
12.6
6.45
93.55
Reproduction Max. Size
Food
Ecology
Photos
71
58.5
71.8
83.6
52.9
57.5
78.9
88.4
88.4
20.7
42.6
58.9
41.5
53.5
72.2
7
17
29.6
29.8
53.8
56.8
69.5
17.9
21.2
33.8
48.1
62
58.4
68.3
81.7
22
23
26.2
37.5
46.2
58.9
53.4
62.9
79.5
14.6
16.9
12.6
14.1
27.9
50.5
67
49.5
63.9
77.5
20.3
29
27.8
29.3
30.5
44.8
59.1
68.3
67.1
78.8
87.3
15.2
16.7
17.8
18.7
18.3
18.6
32.9
46.2
56.7
59.7
69.7
83.1
13.1
15.3
21.3
18.7
20.8
18.2
19.4
35.7
48.9
63.3
59.1
74.7
80.3
11.13
13.31
14.76
16.03
18.98
19.3
20.16
20.19
33.31
47.03
59.34
57.99
68.88
80.31
88.87
86.69
85.24
83.97
81.02
80.7
79.84
79.81
66.69
52.97
40.66
42.01
31.12
19.69
Brunei (489)
Laos (584)
%
Information
Gaps
ASEAN Fishes Information Gaps (%)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Information Gaps exist:
REAL
• No available
information
DOUBTFUL
• Information not incorporated in
FishBase
• No reference or information only
in other languages and scripts
Challenges
Keeping the
information current
Providing information
to those who need it
most
Getting feedback from
users for the continued
improvement of the
system
Funding to continue
the work and maximize
utility of FishBase
Strategies to accumulate data
• Invite scientists/researchers to share pdfs
• Invite scientists/researchers to review and to fill
up information (through remote data entry (RDE))
• provide information on species’ parental care, etc.
• Use proxy data (from congeners) upon advise of
experts
• E.g. species with similar maximum lengths under same
genera may have similar longevity
• Collaborative projects (species biology, etc.)
• Citizen science activities (training, distribution
information, devt. of IEC materials, etc.)
Collaboration
Information
sharing
Feedback/
review on
data/tools/
reports
Analyses and
co-authorship
on papers
Collaborative
projects
Collaboration with EU BON
• Contribute to:
– efforts to harmonize the European taxonomic
backbone (on fishes)
– gap analysis on information for marine fishes
and identify priorities for filling gaps
– the advertisement of EU BON and
dissemination of its outputs
Collaboration with EU BON
•
AquaMaps
– contribute AquaMaps model and layers to efforts to develop hybrid models of
species distribution scenarios; along side this is developing a forum for
collaborative expert review of the maps to improve them and likewise make the
expert inputs available to inform other distribution models developed under EU
BON
– contribute AquaMaps layers to analyses of uncertainty (model algorithm, data
sources, etc.)
– provide visualization tools for viewing biodiversity information according to
needs of stakeholders by improving delivery of our AquaMaps tools for --marine
and some fw AquaMaps-- (e.g., species richness maps, latitudinal/longitudinal
species richness transects, species checklist by country/LME/ecoregion, wizardassisted interface for user created/edited AquaMaps, etc.); and contributing to
porting these to EU BON Portal as needed
For clarifications and collaboration do contact:
Christine Marie V. Casal
[email protected]
• AquaMaps Citations
• 1. ACB Terminal Report:
• Aquatic Biodiversity Informatics Office/The WorldFish Center (2010).
Hotspots of marine biodiversity in the Southeast Asian Sea: Mapping
current locations and climate change impacts. (Terminal Report). Los
Baños, Laguna: Bailly, N., Kesner-Reyes, K. and Casal, C.V.
• 2. PowerPoint Presentation
• Kesner-Reyes, K., Bailly, N. and Casal, C.V. (2011). Predicting species
distributions and potential impacts of climate change on marine
biodiversity in Southeast Asia. International Conference on Biodiversity
and Climate Change. Manila.
Key points:
•FishBase handles fishes - marine, brackish and fresh
•Developing countries with limited funds for biodiversity assessment/monitoring and
management much less risk assessments would benefit from the information available in the
databases. Developing tools to assist countries (developing) in their reporting accountabilities to
the CBD and other such fora is also important. The tools which we are trying to develop are to
fill the void of these types of knowledge in these countries.
•We are looking towards building tools to improve the capacity of the resource managers and
decision-makers. We are aware that the tools we have developed could be further improved
with more collaborative efforts (data and tool design) with more partners both in the developing
and developed countries.
•Keeping information updated/current and freely available to all has a cost and through the
years it has become more and more difficult to secure funding to continue the work.
Selecting “Good Point Data”
Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South China Sea to the Hawaiian Islands; north to south Japan and south to
Australia; Marshall and Mariana Islands. Reported occurrence in southern Africa could not be confirmed (Ref. 3197).
•
Occurrence points within bounding box or known FAO areas
Bounding box or FAO area limits serve as independent verification of the validity of occurrence records.
Extracting Environmental
Parameters
Global grid of 259,200
half degree cells
Good cells are used to extract the of environmental parameters within the species’ native range.
Calculating Environmental
Envelopes
Decapterus maruadsi
The environmental envelopes describe tolerances of a species with respect to each
environmental parameter.
Predicting Probability of
Occurrence
Pc = Pbathymetryc x Ptemperaturec x Psalinityc x Pprimary productionc x Pice concentrationc x Pland distancec
Probabilities of species occurrence are computed by matching the species
environmental envelope against local environmental conditions to determine
relative suitability of a given area.