Transcript 2014 apes review

2014 APES REVIEW
“The larger the island of knowledge,
the longer the shoreline of
wonder.”—R.W. Sockman
(A) Coal (B) Sun (C)Aluminum
(D) trees (E) clay
For question sets, choices may be used once, more
than once, or not at all. Select the BEST choice for
each question.
Q1: A potentially renewable resource
Q2: A renewable resource; human action has little
to do with the life-span of this resource
Q3: a nonrenewable resource and a fossil fuel
Q4: a nonrenewable resource and a metallic
mineral
Q5: a nonrenewable resource and a nonmetallic
mineral
(A) Coal (B) Sun (C)Aluminum
(D) trees (E) clay
For question sets, choices may be used once, more
than once, or not at all. Select the BEST choice for
each question.
Q1: A potentially renewable resource D
Q2: A renewable resource; human action has little
to do with the life-span of this resource B
Q3: a nonrenewable resource and a fossil fuel A
Q4: a nonrenewable resource and a metallic
mineral C
Q5: a nonrenewable resource and a nonmetallic
mineral E
(A) Persistence (B) biodegradable (C)cleanup
(D) concentration (E)prevention
Q6: the amount per unit volume of air, soil, water,
or body weight
Q7: method of dealing with pollution which
receives relatively minor funding
Q8: how long a pollutant remains in the air, soil, or
body weight
Q9: most efforts to improve environmental quality
have focused on this
Q10: capable of being decomposed by organisms,
such as bacteria
(A) Persistence (B) biodegradable (C)cleanup
(D) concentration (E)prevention
Q6: the amount per unit volume of air, soil, water,
or body weight D
Q7: method of dealing with pollution which
receives relatively minor funding E
Q8: how long a pollutant remains in the air, soil, or
body weight A
Q9: most efforts to improve environmental quality
have focused on this C
Q10: capable of being decomposed by organisms,
such as bacteria B
Which of the following statements
regarding MDCs and LDCs is true?
(A)MDCs are home to twice as many people as
LDCs
(B) MDCs are home to four times as many
people as LDCs
(C) MDCs have more rapid population growth
rates than LDCs
(D)MDCs have lower per capita GNPs than LDCs
(E) MDCs generally have safer water supplies
Which of the following statements
regarding MDCs and LDCs is true?
(A)MDCs are home to twice as many people as
LDCs
(B) MDCs are home to four times as many
people as LDCs
(C) MDCs have more rapid population growth
rates than LDCs
(D)MDCs have lower per capita GNPs than LDCs
(E) MDCs generally have safer water supplies
The level below which a potentially renewable
resource can be used without reducing its
available supply throughout the world or in a
particular area?
(A)Sustainable yield
(B) Economic depletion
(C) Resource partitioning
(D)Symbiosis
(E) Carrying capacity
The level below which a potentially renewable
resource can be used without reducing its
available supply throughout the world or in a
particular area?
(A)Sustainable yield
(B) Economic depletion
(C) Resource partitioning
(D)Symbiosis
(E) Carrying capacity
Human population growth over the last
4,000 years can best be described as:
(A)Linear
(B) Negative
(C)Oscillating
(D)Inverted
(E) Exponential
Human population growth over the last
4,000 years can best be described as:
(A)Linear
(B) Negative
(C)Oscillating
(D)Inverted
(E) Exponential
The maximum population of a particular
species that a given habitat can support
over a given period of time
(A)Succession capacity
(B) Impact capacity
(C) Doubling capacity
(D)Carrying capacity
(E) Reserve capacity
The maximum population of a particular
species that a given habitat can support
over a given period of time
(A)Succession capacity
(B) Impact capacity
(C) Doubling capacity
(D)Carrying capacity
(E) Reserve capacity
If a nation has a growth rate of 3.5%,
how many years will it take for the
population to double in size?
(A)2 years
(B) 10 years
(C) 20 years
(D) 35 years
(E) 350 years
If a nation has a growth rate of 3.5%,
how many years will it take for the
population to double in size?
(A)2 years
(B) 10 years
(C) 20 years
(D) 35 years
(E) 350 years
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHgnTDaKwCk
Which of the following is an example
of a nonpoint pollution source?
(A)A smokestack at a coal-burning power plant
(B) An automobile
(C) A drainpipe coming from a paint
manufacturing factory
(D)Runoff of nitrogen fertilizers from an
agricultural area
(E) The chimney on a hospital incinerator
Which of the following is an example
of a nonpoint pollution source?
(A) A smokestack at a coal-burning power plant
(B) An automobile
(C) A drainpipe coming from a paint manufacturing
factory
(D)Runoff of nitrogen fertilizers from an
agricultural area
(E) The chimney on a hospital incinerator
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0KDL_hWNRPY
Which of the following choices
contains only fossil fuels?
(A)oil, solar, coal
(B) Oil, coal, wind
(C) Coal, water, natural gas
(D)Natural gas, coal, uranium
(E) Coal, natural gas, oil
Which of the following choices
contains only fossil fuels?
(A)oil, solar, coal
(B) Oil, coal, wind
(C) Coal, water, natural gas
(D)Natural gas, coal, uranium
(E) Coal, natural gas, oil
Nonrenewable resources are:
(A)Inexhaustible
(B) Always clean-burning
(C)Finite in supply
(D)Replenishing in human time frames
(E)Always solids at room temperature
Nonrenewable resources are:
(A)Inexhaustible
(B) Always clean-burning
(C)Finite in supply
(D)Replenishing in human time frames
(E)Always solids at room temperature
The degradation of spaces on and surrounding
Earth which are outside of the
domain/ownership/rule of any country is known
as:
(A)The common curve
(B) The tragedy of the commons
(C) The imminent domain
(D)The circle of sustainability
(E) The tragedy of the oceans
The degradation of spaces on and surrounding
Earth which are outside of the
domain/ownership/rule of any country is known
as:
(A)The common curve
(B)The tragedy of the commons
(C) The imminent domain
(D)The circle of sustainability
(E) The tragedy of the oceans
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbg52XfE0Hs
In the equation, I = P A T, I represents
(A)Resource technology
(B) Inertia of a population
(C) Introduced species
(D)Environmental impact of a population
(E) Infant mortality
In the equation, I = P A T, I represents
(A)Resource technology
(B) Inertia of a population
(C) Introduced species
(D)Environmental impact of a population
(E) Infant mortality
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOaS2vTLeeA
(A) Yellowstone National Park
(B) Yosemite National Park
(C)Cuyahoga River (Cleveland, Ohio)
(D) Love Canal (New York)
(E) Lake erie
Q27: oil-polluted, caught fire in 1969
Q28: Hetch Hetchy is located here
Q29: Millions of fish deaths, severe pollution,
many beaches closed in the late 1960s
Q30: the first national park in the world
Q31: housing development evacuated due to
toxic waste leaks
(A) Yellowstone National Park
(B) Yosemite National Park
(C)Cuyahoga River (Cleveland, Ohio)
(D) Love Canal (New York)
(E) Lake erie
Q27: oil-polluted, caught fire in 1969 C
Q28: Hetch Hetchy is located here
B
Q29: Millions of fish deaths, severe pollution,
many beaches closed in the late 1960s E
Q30: the first national park in the world A
Q31: housing development evacuated due to
toxic waste leaks D
The first law of energy states that:
(A)Doing work always creates heat
(B) Altering matter is the best source of energy
(C)Energy cannot be recycled
(D)Energy is neither created nor destroyed
(E)Entropy tends to increase
The first law of energy states that:
(A)Doing work always creates heat
(B) Altering matter is the best source of energy
(C)Energy cannot be recycled
(D)Energy is neither created nor destroyed
(E)Entropy tends to increase
The form of nitrogen most usable to
plants is
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ammonia
Nitrogen gas
Proteins
Nitrates
Nucleic acids
The form of nitrogen most usable to
plants is
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ammonia
Nitrogen gas
Proteins
Nitrates
Nucleic acids
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leHy-Y_8nRs (crash
course)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ro2Up6HPyCE (Mr. Cs)
The amount of energy transferred
from an organism on one trophic level
to the next trophic level is
approximately __%
A) 1 B) 10 C) 30 D) 50 E) 90
The amount of energy transferred
from an organism on one trophic level
to the next trophic level is
approximately __%
A) 1 B) 10 C) 30 D) 50 E) 90
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCHdhXMFhcU
(the virtual school)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScizkxMlEOM (10%
rule explained)
The ecological pyramid which best
explains why there are typically only
four or five links in a food chain is the
pyramid of:
A) Biomass B) matter C) numbers
D) Energy E) inversion
The ecological pyramid which best
explains why there are typically only
four or five links in a food chain is the
pyramid of:
A) Biomass B) matter C) numbers
D) Energy E) inversion
When organisms die, their nitrogenous
organic compounds are converted to
simpler inorganic compounds such as
ammonia through the process of
A) Nitrification
B) nitrogen fixation
C) Denitrification D) assimilation
E) ammonification
When organisms die, their nitrogenous
organic compounds are converted to
simpler inorganic compounds such as
ammonia through the process of
A) nitrification
B) nitrogen fixation
C) denitrification D) assimilation
E) ammonification
All of the following increase the
amount of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere EXCEPT:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Combustion
Decomposition
Volcanic eruption
All of the following increase the
amount of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere EXCEPT:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Combustion
Decomposition
Volcanic eruption
If there are 500,000 kilocalories (kcal)
in the producer level, how many kcal
will become incorporated in the
tissues of the secondary consumers
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
5
50
500
5000
50,000
If there are 500,000 kilocalories (kcal)
in the producer level, how many kcal
will become incorporated in the
tissues of the secondary consumers
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
5
50
500
5000
50,000
Ants, bees, wolves, and alligators are
examples of organisms that are
disproportionately important
compared to their biomass in an
ecosystem, and are therefore termed?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Golden species
Specialist species
Indicator species
Generalist species
Keystone species
Ants, bees, wolves, and alligators are
examples of organisms that are
disproportionately important
compared to their biomass in an
ecosystem, and are therefore termed?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Golden species
Specialist species
Indicator species
Generalist species
Keystone species
The biggest stores for carbon are
found in these “sinks”
A) Living organisms (especially plants) and the
troposphere
B) Ocean water and living phytoplankton
C) The African continent and Antarcticca
D) Greenland and the Boreal Forests
E) The Ocean Floor and continents
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcmZ2vcvX9E
The biggest stores for carbon are
found in these “sinks”
A) Living organisms (especially plants) and the
troposphere
B) Ocean water and living phytoplankton
C) The African continent and Antarcticca
D) Greenland and the Boreal Forests
E) The Ocean Floor and continents
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcmZ2vcvX9E
The energy of the sun is primarily the
result of:
A) The fusion of the two helium atoms to form
carbon
B) The fission of two hydrogen atom to form
helium
C) The fusion of two carbon atoms to form neon
D) The fission of two neon atoms to form
carbon
E) The fusion of two hydrogen atoms to form
helium
The energy of the sun is primarily the
result of:
A) The fusion of the two helium atoms to form
carbon
B) The fission of two hydrogen atom to form
helium
C) The fusion of two carbon atoms to form neon
D) The fission of two neon atoms to form
carbon
E) The fusion of two hydrogen atoms to form
helium
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIe1EDExxyg
Net primary productivity
A) Is the rate at which producers manufacture
chemical energy through photosynthesis
B) Is the rate at which producers use chemical
energy through respiration
C) Is the rate of photosynthesis plus the rate of
cellular respiration
D) Is the rate at which energy for use by consumers
is stored in new biomass
E) Is the rate at which plants and other producers
use photosynthesis to make more plant material
Net primary productivity
A) Is the rate at which producers manufacture chemical
energy through photosynthesis
B) Is the rate at which producers use chemical energy
through respiration
C) Is the rate of photosynthesis plus the rate of cellular
respiration
D) Is the rate at which energy for use by consumers is
stored in new biomass
E) Is the rate at which plants and other producers use
photosynthesis to make more plant material
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYuxjAzdV_g
A) NH4+ B) NO2- C) NO3- D) NH3 E) HNO3
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Nitrite ion
Ammonium ion
Nitric acid
Nitrate ion
Ammonia
A) NH4+ B) NO2- C) NO3- D) NH3 E) HNO3
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Nitrite ion
Ammonium ion
Nitric acid
Nitrate ion
Ammonia
B
A
E
C
D
Which of the following ecosystems has
the LOWEST level of kilocalories per
square meter per year?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Savanna
Tropical rain forest
Agricultural land
Lakes and streams
Open ocean
Which of the following ecosystems has
the LOWEST level of kilocalories per
square meter per year?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Savanna
Tropical rain forest
Agricultural land
Lakes and streams
Open ocean
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYuxjAzdV_g
___ of the incoming solar energy is
captured by green plants and bacteria
and fuels photosynthesis to make the
organic compounds that most lifeforms need to survive
A) 90%
B) 66
C) 40
D) 10
E) less than 1%
___ of the incoming solar energy is
captured by green plants and bacteria
and fuels photosynthesis to make the
organic compounds that most lifeforms need to survive
A) 90%
B) 66
C) 40
D) 10
E) less than 1%
Coral reefs, estuaries, and tidal zones
are examples of:
I. Biomes
II. Aquatic life zones
III. Niches
A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and III only
E) II and III only
Coral reefs, estuaries, and tidal zones
are examples of:
I. Biomes
II. Aquatic life zones
III. Niches
A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and III only
E) II and III only
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLemFucgDfc
Of the following processes, which
work (move) against gravity
I. percolation
II. transpiration
III. infiltration
A) I only B) II only C) III only
D) I and II only E) II and III only
Of the following processes, which
work (move) against gravity
I. percolation
II. transpiration
III. infiltration
A) I only B) II only C) III only
D) I and II only E) II and III only
The major plant nutrient MOST likely
to be a limiting factor is
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Phosphorus
Calcium
Manganese
Potassium
magnesium
The major plant nutrient MOST likely
to be a limiting factor is
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Phosphorus
Calcium
Manganese
Potassium
Magnesium
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOJDQXOBEIw
Which of the following is NOT one of
the common phosphorus reservoirs in
the ecosystem
A) Water B) organisms C) atmosphere
D) Rocks E) Soil
Which of the following is NOT one of
the common phosphorus reservoirs in
the ecosystem
A) Water B) organisms C) atmosphere
D) Rocks E) Soil
Condensation nuclei form from all of
the following EXCEPT
A) sea salt
B) Soil dust
C)Carbon monoxide emitted from vehicles
D) Volcanic ash
E) Particulate matter emitted by coal-burning
power plants
Condensation nuclei form from all of
the following EXCEPT
A) sea salt
B) Soil dust
C)Carbon monoxide emitted from vehicles
D) Volcanic ash
E) Particulate matter emitted by coal-burning
power plants
During an El Nino-Southern Oscillation
(ENSO)
A) Prevailing easterly winds weaken
B) Surface water along the South and North
American coasts becomes cooler
C) Upwellings of cold, nutrient rich water are
suppressed
D) Upwellings of warm, nutrient poor water are
suppressed
E) Primary productivity increases
During an El Nino-Southern Oscillation
(ENSO)
A) Prevailing easterly winds weaken
B) Surface water along the South and North
American coasts becomes cooler
C) Upwellings of cold, nutrient rich water are
suppressed
D) Upwellings of warm, nutrient poor water are
suppressed
E) Primary productivity increases
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyPq86yM_Ic
Thick, spongy mats of low-growing
plants are typical of the
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Arctic tundra
Coniferous forest
Tall-grass prairies
Tropical forests
Cold deserts
Thick, spongy mats of low-growing
plants are typical of the
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Arctic tundra
Coniferous forest
Tall-grass prairies
Tropical forests
Cold deserts
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7cZ3b6PH2s
Cone-bearing trees are characteristic
of the
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Taiga
Tropical rain forest
Temperate deciduous forest
Savanna
Prairies
Cone-bearing trees are characteristic
of the
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Taiga
Tropical rain forest
Temperate deciduous forest
Savanna
Prairies
Lakes that have few minerals and low
productivity are referred to as
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Autotrophic
Eutrophic
Oligotrophic
Mesotrophic
Heterotrophic
Lakes that have few minerals and low
productivity are referred to as
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Autotrophic
Eutrophic
Oligotrophic
Mesotrophic
Heterotrophic
Lake overturns bring
A) Oxygen and nutrients to the surface
B) Oxygen and nutrients to the lake bottom
C) Oxygen to the surface and nutrients to the
lake bottom
D) Oxygen to the lake bottom and nutrients to
the surface
E) No movement of oxygen and nutrients
Lake overturns bring
A) Oxygen and nutrients to the surface
B) Oxygen and nutrients to the lake bottom
C) Oxygen to the surface and nutrients to the lake
bottom
D) Oxygen to the lake bottom and nutrients to the
surface
E) No movement of oxygen and nutrients
Demo:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSFSNTI67wc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCh04Mi6gNo
A desert is an area where:
I. Average annual precipitation is less than 25
centimeters
II. Evaporation is Slow
III. The atmosphere (troposphere) serves as an
excellent insulator
A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and II only
E) I, I, and III
A desert is an area where:
I. Average annual precipitation is less than 25
centimeters
II. Evaporation is Slow
III. The atmosphere (troposphere) serves as an
excellent insulator
A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and II only
E) I, I, and III
Ozone
A) Is formed in the stratosphere through the
interaction of infrared radiation and molecular
oxygen
B) Is considered a pollutant in the stratosphere
C) Filters out all harmful ultraviolet radiation
D) In the stratosphere forms a thermal cap that is
important in determining the average
temperature of the troposphere
E) That forms in the troposphere generally travels
to the stratosphere over a 2 to 3 month period
of time
Ozone
A) Is formed in the stratosphere through the interaction
of infrared radiation and molecular oxygen
B) Is considered a pollutant in the stratosphere
C) Filters out all harmful ultraviolet radiation
D) In the stratosphere forms a thermal cap that is
important in determining the average temperature of
the troposphere
E) That forms in the troposphere generally travels to
the stratosphere over a 2 to 3 month period of time
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7c82X521jlM
Which of the following statements is
FALSE?
A)
The gulf stream is largely responsible for the mild climate in
northwestern Europe
B) The tilt and revolution of the earth as it rotates and moves around the
sun cause seasonal variations in the temperature
C) The inclination of the Earth’s axis and its rotation, as well as prevailing
winds and differences in water density cause ocean currents
D) Equatorial areas receive significantly more solar energy than polar areas,
which contributes to the formation of three large convection cells known
as Hadley cells, in both the northern and southern hemisphere (each
contains 3 cells)
E) The distance between the earth and the sun is the greatest determining
factor involved in the creation of the seasons, with the summer season
in each respective hemisphere corresponding to the time at which that
portion of earth is closest (nearest) the sun
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7c82X521jlM (Khan- watch!!)
Which of the following statements is
FALSE?
A)
The gulf stream is largely responsible for the mild climate in
northwestern Europe
B) The tilt and revolution of the earth as it rotates and moves around the
sun cause seasonal variations in the temperature
C) The inclination of the Earth’s axis and its rotation, as well as prevailing
winds and differences in water density cause ocean currents
D) Equatorial areas receive significantly more solar energy than polar areas,
which contributes to the formation of three large convection cells known
as Hadley cells, in both the northern and southern hemisphere (each
contains 3 cells)
E) The distance between the earth and the sun is the greatest
determining factor involved in the creation of the seasons, with the
summer season in each respective hemisphere corresponding to the
time at which that portion of earth is closest (nearest) the sun
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7c82X521jlM (Khan- watch!!)
Which of the following is FALSE?
Oceans are important because they
A) Regulate climate
B) Provide a source of many natural resources,
such as minerals and fossil fuels
C) Are one of the most highly productive
ecosystems in the world on a unit area basis
D) Participate in the biogeochemical cycle
E) Play a major role in the hydrologic cycle
Which of the following is FALSE?
Oceans are important because they
A) Regulate climate
B) Provide a source of many natural resources,
such as minerals and fossil fuels
C) Are one of the most highly productive
ecosystems in the world on a unit area basis
D) Participate in the biogeochemical cycle
E) Play a major role in the hydrologic cycle
The ecosystem with the world’s
highest net primary productivities per
unit area are found in the
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Euphotic zone
Abyssal zone
Bathyal zone
Coastal zone
Benthic zone
The ecosystem with the world’s
highest net primary productivities per
unit area are found in the
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Euphotic zone
Abyssal zone
Bathyal zone
Coastal zone
Benthic zone
Climate is the general pattern of
weather over a period of at least
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
10 years
20 years
30 years
50 years
100 years
Climate is the general pattern of
weather over a period of at least
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
10 years
20 years
30 years
50 years
100 years
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zz_CRzcIT-Q
Which of the following is NOT a
greenhouse gas?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
O3
CFCs
N2O
CO
CO2
Which of the following is NOT a
greenhouse gas?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
O3
CFCs
N2O
CO
CO2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGIllMbG22Y
In coral reefs, the relationship
exhibited by coral polyps and singlecelled algae is
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Predation
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
Interspecific competition
In coral reefs, the relationship
exhibited by coral polyps and singlecelled algae is
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Predation
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
Interspecific competition
In mountain biomes, it is estimated
that each 100-meter gain in elevation
is roughly equivalent to a ___kilometer change in latitude
A)1 B) 10 C) 100 D) 1000 E) 10,000
In mountain biomes, it is estimated
that each 100-meter gain in elevation
is roughly equivalent to a ___kilometer change in latitude
A)1 B) 10 C) 100 D) 1000 E) 10,000
All of the following would be
considered types of temperate
grasslands EXCEPT
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Steppes
Veld
Taiga
Pampas
Prairie
All of the following would be
considered types of temperate
grasslands EXCEPT
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Steppes
Veld
Taiga
Pampas
Prairie
Which of the following is indicative of
the desert’s fragility?
I. High species diversity
II. Brief regeneration time from vegetation
destruction
III. Slow growth rate of plants
A) I only B) II only C) III only
D) II and III only
E) I, II and III
Which of the following is indicative of
the desert’s fragility?
I. High species diversity
II. Brief regeneration time from vegetation
destruction
III. Slow growth rate of plants
A) I only B) II only C) III only
D) II and III only
E) I, II and III
The term or phrase which is
synonymous with “drainage basin”
I.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Flood plain II. Tributary III. Watershed
I only
II only
III only
I and III only
II and III only
The term or phrase which is
synonymous with “drainage basin”
I.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Flood plain II. Tributary III. Watershed
I only
II only
III only
I and III only
II and III only
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